Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA.
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2021 Oct;33(4):1156-1169. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420000395.
Growing evidence suggests that emotion socialization may be disrupted by maternal depression. However, little is known about emotion-related parenting by mothers with bipolar disorder or whether affective modeling in early childhood is linked to young adults' recollections of emotion socialization practices. The current study investigates emotion socialization by mothers with histories of major depression, bipolar disorder, or no mood disorder. Affective modeling was coded from parent-child interactions in early childhood and maternal responses to negative emotions were recollected by young adult offspring (n = 131, 59.5% female, M age = 22.16, SD = 2.58). Multilevel models revealed that maternal bipolar disorder was associated with more neglecting, punishing, and magnifying responses to children's emotions, whereas maternal major depression was associated with more magnifying responses; links between maternal diagnosis and magnifying responses were robust to covariates. Young adult recollections of maternal responses to emotion were predicted by affective modeling in early childhood, providing preliminary validity evidence for the Emotions as a Child Scale. Findings provide novel evidence that major depression and bipolar disorder are associated with altered emotion socialization and that maternal affective modeling in early childhood prospectively predicts young adults' recollections of emotion socialization in families with and without mood disorder.
越来越多的证据表明，情绪社会化可能会受到母亲抑郁的影响。然而，对于双相障碍母亲的情绪相关育儿方式，以及幼儿时期的情感建模是否与年轻人对情绪社会化实践的回忆有关，我们知之甚少。本研究调查了有或没有心境障碍的母亲的情绪社会化。从幼儿时期的亲子互动中对情感建模进行编码，并由年轻的成年子女回忆母亲对负面情绪的反应（n=131，女性占 59.5%，M 年龄=22.16，SD=2.58）。多层次模型显示，母亲的双相障碍与对孩子情绪的忽视、惩罚和夸大反应有关，而母亲的重度抑郁症与更多的夸大反应有关；母亲诊断与夸大反应之间的联系在控制变量的情况下仍然存在。年轻人对母亲情绪反应的回忆受到幼儿时期情感建模的预测，这为“情绪作为儿童量表”提供了初步的有效性证据。研究结果提供了新的证据，表明重度抑郁症和双相障碍与情绪社会化的改变有关，并且幼儿时期的母亲情感建模可以预测有或没有心境障碍的家庭中年轻人对情绪社会化的回忆。
