Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jun;21(6):854-860. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1785016. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
Power output is considered one of the best tools to control external loads in cycling, but the relationship between a target power output and the physiological responses may suffer from the effects of road gradient, which is also affected by cyclist specialization. The objective was to determine the effects of cyclist specialization on effort perception and physiological response (heart rate and lactate concentration) while sustaining efforts at similar power output but riding on two different road gradients. Nineteen male competitive road cyclists performed two randomized trials of 10 min at 0% (velodrome) and 10 min at 6% road gradient (field uphill), at an intensity of 10% ± 3% below the individual's functional threshold power. Cadence was kept between 75 and 80 rpm in both trials and posture remained unchanged during the tests. Heart rate, speed, cadence, power output, blood lactate, and rate of perceived effort were measured for each trial. -means cluster analyses differentiate uphill (n = 10) and flat specialists (n = 9) according to lactate responses. Flat specialists presented lower heart rate ( < 0.001 and ES = 0.2), perceived exertion ( < 0.01 and ES = 0.7), and blood lactate concentration ( < 0.001 and ES = 0.7) riding on the flat than uphill. Uphill specialists presented lower perceived exertion ( < 0.01 and ES = 0.8) and blood lactate concentration ( < 0.01 and ES = 0.5) riding uphill than on the flat. In conclusion, the combination of cyclist specialization and road gradient affects physiological and effort perception parameters in response to a similar power output demand. These factors deserve attention in training schedules and monitoring performance using power output data.
功率输出被认为是控制自行车运动中外部负荷的最佳工具之一，但目标功率输出与生理反应之间的关系可能会受到道路坡度的影响，而道路坡度又受到自行车运动员专业化的影响。本研究的目的是确定自行车运动员专业化对努力感知和生理反应（心率和血乳酸浓度）的影响，即在保持相似功率输出的情况下，在两种不同道路坡度上骑行。19 名男性竞技公路自行车运动员在 0%（室内自行车场）和 6%的道路坡度（野外上坡）下进行了两次随机试验，每次试验持续 10 分钟，强度为个体功能阈值功率的 10%±3%。在两次试验中，踏频保持在 75 到 80rpm 之间，测试过程中姿势保持不变。每次试验都测量心率、速度、踏频、功率输出、血乳酸和主观感觉用力程度。-均值聚类分析根据血乳酸反应将上坡（n=10）和平地专家（n=9）区分开来。平地专家在平坦路面上骑行时的心率（ < 0.001，ES=0.2）、主观感觉用力程度（ < 0.01，ES=0.7）和血乳酸浓度（ < 0.001，ES=0.7）均低于上坡。上坡专家在上坡时的主观感觉用力程度（ < 0.01，ES=0.8）和血乳酸浓度（ < 0.01，ES=0.5）均低于在平坦路面上骑行时。总之，自行车运动员专业化和道路坡度的组合会影响在相似功率输出需求下的生理和用力感知参数。在使用功率输出数据进行训练计划和监测表现时，这些因素值得关注。
