Bäckman L, Molander B
Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
Psychol Aging. 1986 Dec;1(4):334-6. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.1.4.334.
Younger and older highly skilled and moderately skilled miniature golf players were studied in training and competition. All of the players showed an increase of heart rate and rated anxiety from training to competition. A performance decline in competition was observed for both older players and less accomplished players. Results from a cognitive task (incidental recall of shots) suggest that older players are less proficient in coping with the high-stress conditions in competition, due to an age-related decline in task-relevant cognitive abilities.
对年轻和年长的高技能及中等技能的迷你高尔夫球运动员在训练和比赛中进行了研究。所有运动员从训练到比赛心率均上升，主观焦虑感也增强。年长运动员和水平稍逊的运动员在比赛中的表现均出现下滑。一项认知任务（对击球的偶然回忆）的结果表明，由于与任务相关的认知能力随年龄下降，年长运动员在应对比赛中的高压力状况时能力较差。
