School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Psychophysiology. 2011 Aug;48(8):1146-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01175.x. Epub 2011 Jan 25.
Although it is well established that performance is influenced by competitive pressure, our understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the pressure-performance relationship is limited. The current experiment examined mediators of the relationship between competitive pressure and motor skill performance of experts. Psychological, physiological, and kinematic responses to three levels of competitive pressure were measured in 50 expert golfers, during a golf putting task. Elevated competitive pressure increased putting accuracy, anxiety, effort, and heart rate, but decreased grip force. Quadratic effects of pressure were noted for self-reported conscious processing and impact velocity. Mediation analyses revealed that effort and heart rate partially mediated improved performance. The findings indicate that competitive pressure elicits effects on expert performance through both psychological and physiological pathways.
虽然已经证实表现受到竞争压力的影响，但我们对竞争压力与运动技能表现之间关系的机制的理解是有限的。本实验研究了专家在高尔夫推杆任务中竞争压力与运动技能表现关系的中介因素。在 50 名高尔夫专家中测量了三种竞争压力水平下的心理、生理和运动学反应。在比赛中，竞争压力增加会提高推杆准确性、焦虑感、努力程度和心率，但会降低握力。压力对自我报告的意识处理和撞击速度有二次效应。中介分析表明，努力和心率部分解释了表现的改善。研究结果表明，竞争压力通过心理和生理途径对专家表现产生影响。
