Olguín Jonadab E, Medina-Andrade Itzel, Rodríguez Tonathiu, Rodríguez-Sosa Miriam, Terrazas Luis I
Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. De los Barrios # 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
Unidad de Biomedicina, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. De los Barrios # 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jul 14;12(7):1888. doi: 10.3390/cancers12071888.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the study of own and foreign human factors favoring the development of different types of cancer, including genetic and environmental ones. However, the fact that the immune response plays a fundamental role in the development of immunity and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) is much stronger. Among the many cell populations of the immune system that participate in restricting or favoring CRC development, regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in orchestrating immunomodulation during CRC. In this review, we established concrete evidence supporting the fact that Treg cells have an important role in the promotion of tumor development during CRC, mediating an increasing suppressive capacity which controls the effector immune response, and generating protection for tumors. Furthermore, Treg cells go through a process called "phenotypic plasticity", where they co-express transcription factors that promote an inflammatory profile. We reunited evidence that describes the interaction between the different effector populations of the immune response and its modulation by Treg cells adapted to the tumor microenvironment, including the mechanisms used by Treg cells to suppress the protective immune response, as well as the different subpopulations of Treg cells participating in tumor progression, generating susceptibility during CRC development. Finally, we discussed whether Treg cells might or might not be a therapeutic target for an effective reduction in the morbidity and mortality caused by CRC.
近年来，对有利于不同类型癌症发展的自身和外部人类因素的研究显著增加，包括遗传因素和环境因素。然而，免疫反应在结直肠癌（CRC）的免疫和易感性发展中起基本作用这一事实更为突出。在参与限制或促进CRC发展的众多免疫系统细胞群体中，调节性T细胞（Treg）在CRC过程中协调免疫调节方面发挥着主要作用。在本综述中，我们确立了具体证据，支持Treg细胞在CRC肿瘤发展促进过程中发挥重要作用这一事实，其介导抑制能力增强，控制效应免疫反应，并为肿瘤提供保护。此外，Treg细胞经历一个称为“表型可塑性”的过程，在此过程中它们共表达促进炎症特征的转录因子。我们汇总了相关证据，描述了免疫反应的不同效应细胞群体之间的相互作用以及Treg细胞对肿瘤微环境的调节，包括Treg细胞抑制保护性免疫反应所使用的机制，以及参与肿瘤进展、在CRC发展过程中产生易感性的Treg细胞不同亚群。最后，我们讨论了Treg细胞是否可能成为有效降低CRC所致发病率和死亡率的治疗靶点。
