Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo162-8636, Japan.
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan.
Br J Nutr. 2021 Jan 14;125(1):79-91. doi: 10.1017/S000711452000269X. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
Few studies have reported associations between the Na:K ratio and risk factors related to CVD among the general population in Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the dietary Na:K ratio association with CVD risk factors among Japanese adults. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 800 Japanese participants (19 386 men and 29 414 women) aged ≥20 years, registered in the 2003-2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariate OR and 95 % CI for risk of hypertension, high glycated HbA1c levels, hypercholesterolaemia, low serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and high non-HDL-cholesterol levels according to the Na:K ratio were estimated using logistic regression models. Dietary Na:K ratio decreased for both men and women from 2003 to 2017. Higher Na:K ratio and higher hypertension prevalence were observed (multivariate OR (fifth v. first quintiles) 1·27, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·40; Pfor trend < 0·001 for men and 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·23; Pfor trend = 0·007 for women). Higher Na:K ratio was associated with higher prevalence of high HbA1c levels in men (multivariate OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·24, 1·96). Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels was increased with higher Na:K ratio (Pfor trend =0·002 for men and <0·001 for women). No significant associations were found between Na:K ratio and hypercholesterolaemia in men or high non-HDL-cholesterol levels in both men and women. Our findings suggest that dietary Na:K ratio is associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.
在亚洲国家，很少有研究报告钠钾比与普通人群心血管疾病相关危险因素之间的关系。本研究旨在调查日本成年人饮食钠钾比与心血管疾病危险因素的关系。这项回顾性横断面研究纳入了 48800 名年龄≥20 岁的日本参与者（男性 19386 人，女性 29414 人），他们登记在 2003-2017 年全国健康和营养调查中。使用逻辑回归模型估计了根据钠钾比，高血压、高糖化血红蛋白水平、高胆固醇血症、低血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的风险的多变量 OR 和 95%CI。2003 年至 2017 年，男性和女性的饮食钠钾比均下降。观察到更高的钠钾比和更高的高血压患病率（男性多变量 OR（第五五分位比第一五分位）为 1.27，95%CI 为 1.15-1.40；P 趋势<0.001，女性为 1.12，95%CI 为 1.01-1.23；P 趋势=0.007）。更高的钠钾比与男性中更高的糖化血红蛋白水平患病率相关（多变量 OR 为 1.56，95%CI 为 1.24-1.96）。随着钠钾比的升高，低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的患病率也随之增加（男性 P 趋势=0.002，女性 P<0.001）。在男性中，钠钾比与高胆固醇血症或男性和女性的高非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平之间没有显著关联。我们的研究结果表明，饮食钠钾比与日本成年人的几种心血管疾病危险因素相关。
