Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.
Mem Cognit. 2021 Jan;49(1):181-192. doi: 10.3758/s13421-020-01070-0.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the extent to which the lexical tone can affect spoken-word recognition in Chinese using a printed-word paradigm. Participants were presented with a visual display of four words-namely, a target word (e.g., , xiang4xian4, "quadrant"), a tone-consistent phonological competitor (e.g., , xiang4ce4, "photo album"), or a tone-inconsistent phonological competitor (e.g., , xiang1cai4, "coriander"), and two unrelated distractors. Simultaneously, they were asked to listen to a spoken target word presented in isolation (Experiment 1) or embedded in neutral/predictive sentence contexts (Experiment 2), and then click on the target word on the screen. Results showed significant phonological competitor effects (i.e., the fixation proportion on the phonological competitor was higher than that on the distractors) under both tone conditions. Specifically, a larger phonological competitor effect was observed in the tone-consistent condition than in the tone-inconsistent condition when the spoken word was presented in isolation and the neutral sentence contexts. This finding suggests a partial role of lexical tone in constraining spoken-word recognition. However, when embedded in a predictive sentence context, the phonological competitor effect was only observed in the tone-consistent condition and absent in the tone-inconsistent condition. This result indicates that the predictive sentence context can strengthen the role of lexical tone.
两项实验采用印刷词汇范式，旨在探究汉语语音语调在口语词汇识别中的影响程度。实验中，参与者会看到一个四词视觉呈现，其中包括一个目标词（如，“象限”）、一个音同调同的语音竞争词（如，“相册”）或一个音同调异的语音竞争词（如，“香菜”），以及两个不相关的干扰词。同时，参与者会听到一个单独呈现的目标词（实验 1）或嵌入中性/预测性句子语境中的目标词（实验 2），然后点击屏幕上的目标词。结果表明，在两种语调条件下，语音竞争词都有显著的影响（即，对语音竞争词的注视比例高于对干扰词的注视比例）。具体来说，当单独呈现口语词且句子为中性语境时，在语调一致的条件下观察到的语音竞争效应大于语调不一致的条件。这一发现表明，词汇声调在口语词汇识别中起部分约束作用。然而，当嵌入预测性句子语境时，仅在语调一致的条件下观察到语音竞争效应，而在语调不一致的条件下则不存在。这一结果表明，预测性句子语境可以增强词汇声调的作用。
