Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
Environ Res. 2020 Oct;189:109845. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109845. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Detroit, Michigan, currently has the highest preterm birth (PTB) rate of large cities in the United States. Disproportionate exposure to ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM), PM ≤ 10 μm (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) may contribute to PTB. Our objective was to examine the association of airshed pollutants with PTB in Detroit, MI. The Geospatial Determinants of Health Outcomes Consortium (GeoDHOC) study collected air pollution measurements at 68 sites in Detroit in September 2008 and June 2009. GeoDHOC data were coupled with 2008-2010 Michigan Air Sampling Network measurements in Detroit to develop monthly ambient air pollution estimates at a spatial density of 300 m. Using delivery records from two urban hospitals, we established a retrospective birth cohort of births by Detroit women occurring from June 2008 to May 2010. Estimates of air pollutant exposure throughout pregnancy were assigned to maternal address at delivery. Our analytic sample size included 7961 births; 891 (11.2%) were PTB. After covariate adjustment, PM (P = 0.003) and BTEX (P < 0.001), but not PM (P = 0.376) or NO (P = 0.582), were statistically significantly associated with PTB. In adjusted models, for every 5-unit increase in PM there was a 1.21 times higher odds of PTB (95% CI 1.07, 1.38) and for every 5-unit increase in BTEX there was a 1.54 times higher odds of PTB (95% CI 1.25, 1.89). Consistent with previous studies, higher PM was associated with PTB. We also found novel evidence that higher airshed BTEX is associated with PTB. Future studies confirming these associations and examining direct measures of exposure are needed.
密歇根州底特律市目前是美国拥有最高早产率 (PTB) 的大城市。接触环境空气污染物（包括细颗粒物（PM）≤2.5μm、PM≤10μm、二氧化氮（NO）和苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX））比例过高，可能会导致 PTB。我们的目标是研究底特律市大气污染物与 PTB 的关系。地理空间健康结果联合会（GeoDHOC）研究于 2008 年 9 月和 2009 年 6 月在底特律的 68 个地点收集了空气污染测量数据。将 GeoDHOC 数据与底特律 2008-2010 年密歇根州空气采样网络的测量数据结合起来，在 300 米的空间密度下开发了每月的环境空气污染估算值。利用两家城市医院的分娩记录，我们建立了一个回溯性的出生队列，研究对象是 2008 年 6 月至 2010 年 5 月期间底特律市女性的分娩情况。在整个孕期，将空气污染物暴露的估计值分配给产妇分娩时的住址。我们的分析样本包括 7961 名婴儿；891 名（11.2%）为早产。经过协变量调整后，PM（P=0.003）和 BTEX（P<0.001），但不是 PM（P=0.376）或 NO（P=0.582），与 PTB 有统计学上的显著关联。在调整后的模型中，PM 每增加 5 个单位，PTB 的几率就会增加 1.21 倍（95%CI 1.07，1.38），BTEX 每增加 5 个单位，PTB 的几率就会增加 1.54 倍（95%CI 1.25，1.89）。与之前的研究一致，较高的 PM 与 PTB 有关。我们还发现了新的证据，表明较高的空气污染物 BTEX 与 PTB 有关。需要进一步的研究来证实这些关联，并检查直接的暴露测量。
