Mohamed Benkada Aïcha, Pontier Florence, Dufour Valérie
UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Equipe Ethologie Cognitive et Sociale, PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France; Université de Strasbourg, France.
Université de Strasbourg, France.
Behav Processes. 2020 Oct;179:104198. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104198. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
Many social species use post-conflict behaviors to mitigate the consequences of conflicts. One of these behaviors is the victim's affiliation with its former opponent following conflict in an attempt to restore the damaged relationship. The victim can also affiliate with a third party. Affiliation with former opponents and third parties also alleviates stress. Studies of conflict management strategies in birds mostly concern corvids, and more specifically rooks (Corvus frugilegus). In this colonial pair-bonded species, the most valuable relationship is with the mate. It is rarely conflictual, meaning that there is generally no need for any post-conflict affiliation. However, conflicts occur with other social partners, and victims may primarily use third-party affiliation to avoid renewed aggression after conflicts. Previous studies of rooks failed to show a protective role of third-party affiliations for rook victims. The present study seeks to further investigate the use and efficiency of these conflict management strategies from the victim's perspective. We recorded conflicts and post-conflict behaviors in captive rooks using the standard post-conflict matched control comparison method. Victims did not affiliate with their former opponent or with third parties after conflict, but rather avoided their former aggressor, thus successfully limiting the risk of renewed aggression. Post-conflict affiliations are not observed in all rook colonies, suggesting that avoidance of the former aggressor may be a more commonly used strategy than previously thought.
许多群居物种会利用冲突后的行为来减轻冲突的后果。其中一种行为是受害者在冲突后与之前的对手建立联系，试图修复受损的关系。受害者也可以与第三方建立联系。与之前的对手和第三方建立联系也能减轻压力。对鸟类冲突管理策略的研究主要集中在鸦科鸟类，更具体地说是白嘴鸦（Corvus frugilegus）。在这种实行配对结合的群居物种中，最有价值的关系是与配偶的关系。这种关系很少发生冲突，这意味着通常不需要任何冲突后的联系。然而，与其他社会伙伴会发生冲突，受害者可能主要利用与第三方建立联系来避免冲突后再次受到攻击。之前对白嘴鸦的研究未能表明第三方联系对白嘴鸦受害者有保护作用。本研究旨在从受害者的角度进一步调查这些冲突管理策略的使用情况和有效性。我们使用标准的冲突后匹配对照比较方法，记录了圈养白嘴鸦的冲突和冲突后的行为。冲突后，受害者既没有与之前的对手建立联系，也没有与第三方建立联系，而是避开了之前的攻击者，从而成功地降低了再次受到攻击的风险。并非在所有白嘴鸦群体中都观察到冲突后的联系，这表明避开之前的攻击者可能是一种比之前认为的更常用的策略。
