Sabe Michel, Zhao Nan, Kaiser Stefan
Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226, Thonex, Switzerland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Sep;116:415-425. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.007. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
Despite the high prevalence in patients with schizophrenia, the association of cannabis and nicotine use with negative symptoms remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies addressing the association of cannabis and nicotine use with negative symptoms. Twenty cannabis studies (n = 2611) and 45 nicotine studies (n = 8942) were analyzed. There was no significant effect for current cannabis use alone or in combination with other substances. However, recently abstinent users of cannabis showed less severe negative symptoms than nonusers. Nicotine users were not different from nonusers with respect to negative symptoms. With respect to positive symptoms, very small increases were found for cannabis users and patients using nicotine along with other drugs. In conclusion, while patients with schizophrenia who use cannabis did not differ from nonusers, recently abstinent patients showed less severe negative symptoms than nonusers. This finding suggests that cannabis-using patients might be less susceptible to the development of negative symptoms. The amotivational effects of cannabis may obscure these differences in current users.
尽管精神分裂症患者中大麻和尼古丁的使用率很高，但大麻和尼古丁的使用与阴性症状之间的关联仍不明确。我们对关于大麻和尼古丁使用与阴性症状之间关联的观察性研究进行了荟萃分析。分析了20项关于大麻的研究（n = 2611）和45项关于尼古丁的研究（n = 8942）。单独使用大麻或与其他物质联合使用，均未发现显著影响。然而，最近戒除大麻的使用者的阴性症状比未使用者轻。在阴性症状方面，尼古丁使用者与未使用者没有差异。在阳性症状方面，大麻使用者以及同时使用尼古丁和其他药物的患者有非常小的增加。总之，虽然使用大麻的精神分裂症患者与未使用者没有差异，但最近戒除大麻的患者的阴性症状比未使用者轻。这一发现表明，使用大麻的患者可能较不易出现阴性症状。大麻的无动机作用可能掩盖了当前使用者之间的这些差异。
