Procházková Michaela, Škubník Karel, Füzik Tibor, Mukhamedova Liya, Přidal Antonín, Plevka Pavel
Structural Virology Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Zoology, Fishery, Hydrobiology, and Apidology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Curr Opin Virol. 2020 Dec;45:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.06.007. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
The western honeybee is the primary pollinator of numerous food crops. Furthermore, honeybees are essential for ecosystem stability by sustaining the diversity and abundance of wild flowering plants. However, the worldwide population of honeybees is under pressure from environmental stress and pathogens. Viruses from the families Iflaviridae and Dicistroviridae, together with their vector, the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, are the major threat to the world's honeybees. Dicistroviruses and iflaviruses have capsids with icosahedral symmetries. Acidic pH triggers the genome release of both dicistroviruses and iflaviruses. The capsids of iflaviruses expand, whereas those of dicistroviruses remain compact until the genome release. Furthermore, dicistroviruses use inner capsid proteins, whereas iflaviruses employ protruding domains or minor capsid proteins from the virion surface to penetrate membranes and deliver their genomes into the cell cytoplasm. The structural characterization of the infection process opens up possibilities for the development of antiviral compounds.
西方蜜蜂是众多粮食作物的主要传粉者。此外，蜜蜂通过维持野生开花植物的多样性和丰富度，对生态系统的稳定至关重要。然而，全球蜜蜂种群正面临环境压力和病原体的威胁。来自Iflaviridae科和Dicistroviridae科的病毒，连同其传播媒介——寄生螨狄斯瓦螨，是世界蜜蜂面临的主要威胁。双顺反子病毒和Iflaviridae科病毒具有二十面体对称的衣壳。酸性pH值会触发双顺反子病毒和Iflaviridae科病毒的基因组释放。Iflaviridae科病毒的衣壳会扩张，而双顺反子病毒的衣壳在基因组释放之前保持紧凑。此外，双顺反子病毒利用内壳蛋白，而Iflaviridae科病毒则利用病毒粒子表面的突出结构域或小衣壳蛋白穿透膜并将其基因组传递到细胞质中。感染过程的结构特征为开发抗病毒化合物开辟了可能性。
