Solouki Abbas, Viscomi Giovanni, Lamperti Riccardo, Tataranni Piergiorgio
Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
SAPABA, 40037 Pontecchio Marconi BO, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Jul 15;13(14):3146. doi: 10.3390/ma13143146.
Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na or K cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.
通过将采矿副产品回收用于不同应用来探索减少铺路材料的碳足迹，这将保护自然资源并减少环境问题。一种可能的方法是将采石场粉尘和采矿矿石废料作为地质聚合物应用的前驱体进行再利用。地质聚合物是富含铝硅酸盐的矿物聚合物，具有无定形到半结晶的三维结构。本综述旨在总结过去十年中对含有采石场粉尘和尾矿的地质聚合物所进行的研究。第一部分讨论了用于地质聚合物水泥生产的各种前驱体，如偏高岭土、粒化高炉矿渣（GGBFS）、粉煤灰以及采石场/采矿矿石废料，包括粉砂、钨、钒、铜、金、锌、大理石、铁、玄武岩和锂。总结了不同的煅烧处理和养护条件。在某些情况下，需要对前驱体进行煅烧以提高其反应活性。总结了常温及高温养护条件。对于现场和工业应用所必需的室温养护关注较少。综述了含有采矿废料的地质聚合物的工程性能，如抗压强度、密度、耐久性、耐酸性、吸水性和耐磨性。除经济方面外，阻碍废粉在地质聚合物中广泛应用的主要障碍之一可能是其化学结构不稳定。这通过地质聚合物结构中钠或钾阳离子的大量浸出得到证明。对100多篇文章的综述表明，在采石场废料地质聚合物生产全面工业化实施之前，需要对其不同方面进行进一步研究。
