Depalo Laura, Burgio Giovanni, Magagnoli Serena, Sommaggio Daniele, Montemurro Francesco, Canali Stefano, Masetti Antonio
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Insects. 2020 Jul 15;11(7):445. doi: 10.3390/insects11070445.
A key aspect in cover crop management is termination before the cash crop is planted. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of termination methods on ground-dwelling arthropods. The conventional mechanical termination method-i.e., green manuring by means of a disc harrow-was compared to flattening using a roller crimper. Two different crop systems were investigated for two growing seasons; cauliflower was grown in autumn after the termination of a mixture of cowpea, pearl millet, and radish, and tomato was cropped in spring and summer after the termination of a mixture of barley and vetch. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and spiders (Araneae) were sampled by means of standard pitfall traps throughout the growing season of both cash crops. The roller crimper increased the overall abundance of ground beetles in the first growing season of both cash crops, whereas in the second year, no significant effect could be detected. Rove beetles were more abundant in plots where the cover crops were terminated by the roller crimper. Finally, green manuring increased the abundance of spiders, especially on the first sampling date after cover crop termination. Albeit different taxa showed different responses, the termination of cover crops by a roller crimper generally increased the abundance of ground dwelling arthropods. Given that most of the sampled species were generalist predators, their increased abundance could possibly improve biological control.
覆盖作物管理的一个关键方面是在经济作物种植前进行终止。本研究的目的是评估终止方法对地面节肢动物的影响。将传统的机械终止方法，即通过圆盘耙进行绿肥处理，与使用滚筒压捆机压扁进行比较。在两个生长季节对两种不同的作物系统进行了研究；在豇豆、珍珠粟和萝卜的混合物终止后，秋季种植花椰菜，在大麦和巢菜的混合物终止后，春季和夏季种植番茄。在两种经济作物的整个生长季节，通过标准陷阱对步甲（鞘翅目：步甲科）、隐翅虫（鞘翅目：隐翅虫科）和蜘蛛（蜘蛛目）进行采样。滚筒压捆机在两种经济作物的第一个生长季节增加了步甲的总体丰度，而在第二年，未检测到显著影响。在覆盖作物通过滚筒压捆机终止的地块中，隐翅虫更为丰富。最后，绿肥处理增加了蜘蛛的丰度，尤其是在覆盖作物终止后的第一个采样日期。尽管不同的分类群表现出不同的反应，但通过滚筒压捆机终止覆盖作物通常会增加地面节肢动物的丰度。鉴于大多数采样物种是多食性捕食者，它们丰度的增加可能会改善生物防治效果。
