Vadopalas Laurynas, Badaras Sarunas, Ruzauskas Modestas, Lele Vita, Starkute Vytaute, Zavistanaviciute Paulina, Zokaityte Egle, Bartkevics Vadims, Klupsaite Dovile, Mozuriene Erika, Dauksiene Agila, Sidlauskiene Sonata, Gruzauskas Romas, Bartkiene Elena
Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Jul 15;10(7):1201. doi: 10.3390/ani10071201.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fermented with a newly isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains combination ( LUHS122, LUHS210, LUHS206, LUHS29, LUHS135 and LUHS245) feed on non-vaccinated (NV) and vaccinated with Circovac porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine (QI09AA07, CEVA-PHYLAXIA Co. Ltd. Szállás u. 5. 1107 Budapest, Hungary) piglets' blood parameters, gut microbial composition, growth performance and ammonia emission. The 36-day experiment was conducted using 25-day-old Large White/Norwegian Landrace (LW/NL) piglets, which were randomly divided into four groups with 100 piglets each: S-non-vaccinated piglets fed with control group compound feed; S-vaccinated piglets fed with control group compound feed; RF-non-vaccinated piglets fed with fermented compound feed; RF-vaccinated piglets fed with fermented compound feed. Samples from 10 animals per group were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. Metagenomic analysis showed that fermentation had a positive impact on the prevalence during the post-weaning period of pigs, and vaccination had no negative impact on microbial communities. Although a higher amount of was detected in vaccinated, compared with non-vaccinated groups. At the end of experiment, there was a significantly higher LAB count in the faeces of both vaccinated compared to non-vaccinated groups (26.6% for S and 17.2% for RF), with the highest LAB count in the S group. At the end of experiment, the S faeces also had the highest total bacteria count (TBC). The RF group had a 13.2% increase in total enterobacteria count (TEC) at the end of experiment, and the S group showed a 31.2% higher yeast/mould (Y/M) count. There were no significant differences in the average daily gain (ADG) among the groups; however, there were significant differences in the feed conversion ratios (FCR) between several groups: S vs. S (11.5% lower in the S group), RF vs. RF (10.2% lower in the RFnonV group) and S vs. RF (21.6% lower in the S group). Furthermore, there was a significant, very strong positive correlation between FCR and TEC in piglets' faeces (R = 0.919, = 0.041). The lowest ammonia emission was in RF group section (58.2, 23.8, and 47.33% lower compared with the S, S and RF groups, respectively). Notably, there was lower ammonia emission in vaccinated groups (45.2% lower in S vs. S and 47.33% lower in RF vs. RF). There was also a significant, very strong positive correlation between ammonia emission and Y/M count in piglets' faeces at the end of the experiment (R = 0.974; = 0.013). Vaccination as a separate factor did not significantly influence piglets' blood parameters. Overall, by changing from an extruded soya to cheaper rapeseed meal and applying the fermentation model with the selected LAB combination, it is possible to feed piglets without any undesirable changes in health and growth performance in a more sustainable manner. However, to evaluate the influence of vaccination and its interaction with other parameters (feed, piglets' age, breed, etc.) on piglets' parameters, additional studies should be performed and methods should be standardised to ensure the results may be compared.
本研究的目的是评估用新分离的乳酸菌（LAB）菌株组合（LUHS122、LUHS210、LUHS206、LUHS29、LUHS135和LUHS245）发酵的饲料对未接种疫苗（NV）以及接种了Circovac猪圆环病毒2型疫苗（QI09AA07，匈牙利布达佩斯Szállás u. 5. 1107，CEVA - PHYLAXIA有限公司）的仔猪血液参数、肠道微生物组成、生长性能和氨气排放的影响。使用25日龄的大白/挪威长白（LW/NL）仔猪进行了为期36天的实验，将其随机分为四组，每组100头仔猪：S组为未接种疫苗的仔猪，饲喂对照组复合饲料；S组为接种疫苗的仔猪，饲喂对照组复合饲料；RF组为未接种疫苗的仔猪，饲喂发酵复合饲料；RF组为接种疫苗的仔猪，饲喂发酵复合饲料。在实验开始和结束时从每组10只动物采集样本。宏基因组分析表明，发酵对断奶后仔猪阶段的微生物群落丰度有积极影响，且接种疫苗对微生物群落没有负面影响。尽管与未接种疫苗组相比，接种疫苗组检测到的某种物质含量更高。实验结束时，与未接种疫苗组相比，接种疫苗组仔猪粪便中的LAB计数显著更高（S组为26.6%，RF组为17.2%），S组的LAB计数最高。实验结束时，S组粪便中的总细菌计数（TBC）也最高。实验结束时，RF组的总肠杆菌计数（TEC）增加了13.2%，S组的酵母/霉菌（Y/M）计数高31.2%。各组之间的平均日增重（ADG）没有显著差异；然而，几组之间的饲料转化率（FCR）存在显著差异：S组与S组相比（S组低11.5%），RF组与RF组相比（RF非V组低10.2%），S组与RF组相比（S组低21.6%）。此外仔猪粪便中的FCR与TEC之间存在显著的、非常强的正相关（R = 0.919，P = 0.041）。RF组区域的氨气排放最低（分别比S组、S组和RF组低58.2%、23.8%和47.33%）。值得注意的是，接种疫苗组的氨气排放较低（S组与S组相比低45.2%，RF组与RF组相比低47.33%）。实验结束时仔猪粪便中的氨气排放与Y/M计数之间也存在显著的、非常强的正相关（R = 0.974；P = 0.013）。接种疫苗作为一个单独因素对仔猪血液参数没有显著影响。总体而言，通过从膨化大豆改为更便宜的菜籽粕，并应用所选LAB组合的发酵模型，可以以更可持续的方式喂养仔猪，而不会对其健康和生长性能产生任何不良变化。然而，为了评估接种疫苗及其与其他参数（饲料、仔猪年龄、品种等）的相互作用对仔猪参数的影响，应进行更多研究并标准化方法，以确保结果具有可比性。
