Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
UAH Community Care and Social Determinants of Health Research Group, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 15;17(14):5121. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145121.
The Spanish population presents higher levels of loneliness than citizens of countries in Northern Europe. Numerous studies have linked loneliness to increased morbidity and mortality, but very few studies have associated loneliness with healthy lifestyles. The objectives of this research are to identify the feeling of unwanted loneliness in various age and gender groups in the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain), to determine lifestyle habits in the areas of diet and physical exercise, and to examine the association between lifestyle habits and perceived loneliness.
A cross-sectional, observational and analytical study on the perception of loneliness among men (59.06%) and women (60.06%) in a sample ( = 611) of the general population (N = 198,945), by means of random assignment of a health survey, was conducted. The data were collected using an ad hoc questionnaire. The data were stratified and analyzed with the IBM SSPS v.25 software package.
The frequency of loneliness is stratified by sex and age, and healthy lifestyle habits in terms of diet and physical exercise are analyzed.
People with perceived loneliness do not have worse lifestyle habits. However, women living with other people have a higher perception of loneliness than those living alone. Specifically, the perception of loneliness in young adult women could suggest a low level of moderate physical exercise.
西班牙人的孤独感水平高于北欧国家的公民。许多研究将孤独感与发病率和死亡率的增加联系起来，但很少有研究将孤独感与健康的生活方式联系起来。本研究的目的是在马德里自治区的阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯市（Alcalá de Henares）的不同年龄和性别群体中识别不必要的孤独感，确定饮食和体育锻炼等生活方式习惯，并研究生活方式习惯与孤独感之间的关系。
采用横断面、观察性和分析性研究方法，对随机抽取的一般人群（n = 198945）中的男性（59.06%）和女性（60.06%）（n = 611）进行孤独感调查。使用专门的问卷收集数据。使用 IBM SPSS v.25 软件包对数据进行分层和分析。
按性别和年龄分层分析孤独感的频率，并分析饮食和体育锻炼方面的健康生活方式习惯。
有孤独感的人没有更差的生活方式习惯。然而，与独居者相比，与他人同住的女性孤独感更高。特别是，年轻成年女性的孤独感可能表明中等强度的体育锻炼水平较低。
