Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Jul 15;56(7):352. doi: 10.3390/medicina56070352.
Pregnancy is a stage associated with various biopsychosocial changes. These changes, along with concerns about keeping an adequate weight, can modulate an individual's risk for psychological disorders, especially eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, associated risks, and consequences of eating disorders in pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Search terms related to EDs, pregnancy, and breastfeeding were used. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out using different scales; CASP (Checklist for Cohort Study), NICE (Methodology Checklist for Cohort Study), ARHQ (Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional), and NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort). From 2920 studies, 16 were selected to study EDs in pregnant women and 2 studies in nursing mothers. Most of the studies used questionnaires and scales as tools for the diagnosis of EDs. Binge eating, anxiety, and depression were the most common comorbidities of EDs, accompanied in most cases by excessive concern about weight gain. The consequences of EDs are diverse. The prevalence of EDs in this population is estimated to be 1 out of 20. Eating disorders are related to anxiety and depression and have negative consequences for both mothers and fetuses (cesarean, miscarriages, premature births). More research on the field to determine the risk factors for EDs in the population of pregnant and lactating women is needed.
妊娠是一个与各种生物心理社会变化相关的阶段。这些变化，以及对保持适当体重的担忧，可能会调节个体患心理障碍的风险，尤其是饮食障碍（ED）。本综述的目的是调查妊娠和哺乳期母亲中饮食障碍的流行率、相关风险和后果。
按照 PRISMA 指南，在科学数据库 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 中进行了系统综述。使用了与 ED、妊娠和哺乳相关的检索词。使用不同的量表评估研究的方法学质量；CASP（队列研究检查表）、NICE（队列研究方法检查表）、ARHQ（横断面研究方法检查表）和 NOS（新斯科舍大学队列研究量表）。
从 2920 项研究中，选择了 16 项研究来研究孕妇中的 ED，选择了 2 项研究来研究哺乳期母亲中的 ED。大多数研究使用问卷和量表作为 ED 诊断的工具。暴饮暴食、焦虑和抑郁是 ED 最常见的合并症，在大多数情况下，还伴有对体重增加的过度担忧。ED 的后果是多种多样的。该人群中 ED 的患病率估计为每 20 人中有 1 人。
饮食障碍与焦虑和抑郁有关，并对母亲和胎儿都有负面影响（剖腹产、流产、早产）。需要对该领域进行更多的研究，以确定妊娠和哺乳期妇女中 ED 的风险因素。
