Fernández-Gómez Elisabet, Mohatar-Barba Miriam, López-Olivares María, Luque-Vara Trinidad, Sánchez-Ojeda María Angustias, Martín-Salvador Adelina, Enrique-Mirón Carmen
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla Campus, University of Granada, C/Santander s/n, 52001 Melilla, Spain.
Melilla Campus, University of Granada, C/Santander s/n, 52001 Melilla, Spain.
Foods. 2023 Mar 6;12(5):1111. doi: 10.3390/foods12051111.
This research analyzes the determining factors in diet quality among the Spanish pregnant population with the aim of promoting healthier eating habits and preventing the development of non-communicable diseases. It is a diagnostic, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and observational study, with correlational descriptive methodology, and 306 participants. The information was collected using the 24 h dietary recall. Various sociodemographic factors that influence diet quality were analyzed. It was found that pregnant women consume too much protein and fat, score high in SFA consumption, and do not achieve the CH recommendations, consuming twice as much sugar. Carbohydrate intake is inversely related to income (β = -0.144, < 0.005). Likewise, protein intake is linked to marital status (β = -0.114, < 0.005) and religion (β = 0.110, < 0.005). Finally, lipid intake appears conditional upon age (β = 0.109, < 0.005). As regards the lipid profile, a positive association is only observed with age and MFA consumption (β = 0.161, < 0.01). On the other hand, simple sugars are positively related to education (β = 0.106, < 0.005). The results of this research show that the diet quality of pregnant women does not meet the nutritional recommendations established for the Spanish population.
本研究分析了西班牙孕妇群体饮食质量的决定因素，旨在促进更健康的饮食习惯并预防非传染性疾病的发展。这是一项诊断性、非实验性、横断面观察性研究，采用相关描述性方法，共有306名参与者。信息通过24小时饮食回顾法收集。分析了各种影响饮食质量的社会人口学因素。研究发现，孕妇摄入的蛋白质和脂肪过多，饱和脂肪酸摄入量较高，未达到碳水化合物摄入建议量，糖摄入量是建议量的两倍。碳水化合物摄入量与收入呈负相关（β = -0.144，< 0.005）。同样，蛋白质摄入量与婚姻状况（β = -0.114，< 0.005）和宗教信仰（β = 0.110，< 0.005）有关。最后，脂质摄入量似乎取决于年龄（β = 0.109，< 0.005）。关于血脂谱，仅观察到与年龄和单不饱和脂肪酸摄入量呈正相关（β = 0.161，< 0.01）。另一方面，单糖与教育程度呈正相关（β = 0.106，< 0.005）。本研究结果表明，孕妇的饮食质量未达到为西班牙人群制定的营养建议。
