Oakes Lisa M, Tellinghuisen Donald J, Tjebkes Terri L
Department of Psychology The University of Iowa.
Department of Psychology Augustana College.
Infancy. 2000 Jul;1(3):347-361. doi: 10.1207/S15327078IN0103_4. Epub 2000 Jul 1.
The interactive effects of stimulus characteristics and attentional state on infants' distraction latency were studied. As 7-month-old infants explored initial stimuli that were composed of either a single nonmoving component or multiple moving components, one of several types of distractors was presented in the periphery. Infants' distraction latencies (the amount of time they took to turn from the initial stimulus to the distractor) varied as a function of the interaction between the infants' attentional state at distractor onset and the characteristics of the stimuli. Variations in the visual characteristics of the distractor stimulus (solid rectangle vs. checkerboard) had a larger effect on distraction latency when infants were in a focused attentional state than when they were in a casual attentional state. Similarly, variations in the auditory characteristic of the distractor stimulus (1 intermittent tone vs. 2 alternating tones) had a larger effect when infants were engaged in a focused attentional state toward the multicomponent toys. Thus, infants' distractibility in this context reflects an interaction between the infants' attentional state and the competition between external stimuli for their attentional focus.
研究了刺激特征和注意力状态对婴儿分心潜伏期的交互作用。当7个月大的婴儿探索由单个静止成分或多个移动成分组成的初始刺激时，在周边呈现几种类型的干扰物之一。婴儿的分心潜伏期（他们从初始刺激转向干扰物所需的时间）随干扰物出现时婴儿的注意力状态与刺激特征之间的相互作用而变化。当婴儿处于集中注意力状态时，干扰物刺激的视觉特征（实心矩形与棋盘格）的变化对分心潜伏期的影响比对他们处于随意注意力状态时的影响更大。同样，当婴儿对多成分玩具处于集中注意力状态时，干扰物刺激的听觉特征（1个间歇音与2个交替音）的变化影响更大。因此，在这种情况下，婴儿的分心反映了婴儿的注意力状态与外部刺激对其注意力焦点的竞争之间的相互作用。
