Tan Lucy, Martin Graham
Department of Psychiatry, Principal Clinical Psychologist, Tan Psychological Services, RBWH, Herston Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2015 Feb;20(1):49-55. doi: 10.1111/camh.12057. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Mindfulness interventions with adolescents are in the early stages of development. This study sought to establish efficacy of a mindfulness-based group intervention for adolescents with mixed mental health disorders.
One hundred and eight adolescents (ages 13-18) were recruited from community mental health clinics and randomised into two groups (control vs. treatment). All participants received treatment-as-usual (TAU) from clinic-based therapists independent of the study. Adolescents in the treatment condition received TAU plus a 5-week mindfulness-training programme (TAU+Mi); adolescents in the control group received only TAU. Assessments including parent/carer reports were conducted at baseline, postintervention and 3-month follow-up.
At postintervention, adolescents in the mindfulness condition experienced significant decrease in mental distress (measured with the DASS-21) compared to the control group (Cohen's d = 0.43), and these gains were enhanced at 3-month follow-up (Cohen's d = 0.78). Overall outcomes at 3 months showed significant improvement for adolescents in the mindfulness condition; in self-esteem, mindfulness, psychological inflexibility and mental health, but not resilience. Parents/carers also reported significant improvement in their adolescent's psychological functioning (using the CBCL). Mediation analyses concluded mindfulness mediated mental health outcomes.
Increase in mindful awareness after training leads to improvement in mental health and this is consistent with mindfulness theory. The mindfulness group programme appears to be a promising adjunctive therapeutic approach for clinic-based adolescents with mental health problems.
针对青少年的正念干预尚处于发展初期。本研究旨在确定基于正念的团体干预对患有混合性心理健康障碍青少年的疗效。
从社区心理健康诊所招募了108名青少年（年龄在13 - 18岁之间），并随机分为两组（对照组与治疗组）。所有参与者均接受来自诊所治疗师的常规治疗（TAU），与研究无关。治疗组的青少年接受常规治疗加为期5周的正念训练计划（TAU + Mi）；对照组的青少年仅接受常规治疗。在基线、干预后和3个月随访时进行了包括家长/照顾者报告在内的评估。
干预后，与对照组相比，正念组的青少年心理困扰（用DASS - 21测量）显著降低（科恩d值 = 0.43），并且这些改善在3个月随访时得到增强（科恩d值 = 0.78）。3个月时的总体结果显示，正念组的青少年在自尊、正念、心理灵活性和心理健康方面有显著改善，但在心理韧性方面没有。家长/照顾者也报告其青少年的心理功能有显著改善（使用CBCL）。中介分析得出正念介导了心理健康结果。
训练后正念意识的提高导致心理健康改善，这与正念理论一致。正念团体计划似乎是一种有前途的辅助治疗方法，适用于有心理健康问题的诊所青少年。
