Arjona Raquel Nogueira, Ungar Michael
Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, 6420 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada.
Int J Appl Posit Psychol. 2024;9(3):1181-1203. doi: 10.1007/s41042-023-00145-y. Epub 2024 Jan 12.
Although many positive psychology interventions like mindfulness-based treatments (MBTs) for youth have been used with a wide array of risk exposed populations (children living in poverty, victims of violence, displaced persons, children with disabilities, etc.), the efficacy of MBTs with regard to the level and domain of risk exposure has been largely overlooked. This oversight contributes to a perception of positive psychology as being decontextualized. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to better understand how a young person's level and domain of risk exposure influences the efficacy of MBTs. Published studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, were RCTs or cluster RCTs, and focused on the effect of an MBT or an MBT component. Specifically, 58 studies were qualitatively analyzed and 42 were quantitatively analyzed. The qualitative analysis evidenced a lack of objectivity in the assessment of risk exposure, with many papers providing very little or no detail on participants' level or domain of risk exposure (whether threats to psychological wellbeing originate with the individual's biology or cognitions, or the social, built or natural environment). Our quantitative analysis showed that MBTs significantly improved main outcomes relative to the control conditions, with a small-to-moderate effect size. Where it was possible to identify the level of risk exposure, we found that MBTs positively moderated treatment response, with better response among those participants with a higher level of risk. We conclude that future Positive Psychology research will need to better account for risk exposure if the discipline is to improve our understanding of which populations benefit most from interventions that promote mindfulness.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41042-023-00145-y.
尽管许多积极心理学干预措施，如针对青少年的基于正念的治疗方法（MBTs），已被应用于广泛的面临风险人群（生活贫困儿童、暴力受害者、流离失所者、残疾儿童等），但MBTs在风险暴露水平和领域方面的疗效在很大程度上被忽视了。这种忽视导致人们认为积极心理学脱离实际情境。本荟萃分析的目的是更好地理解年轻人的风险暴露水平和领域如何影响MBTs的疗效。如果参与者为儿童或青少年、研究为随机对照试验（RCTs）或整群随机对照试验，且聚焦于MBT或MBT组成部分的效果，则纳入已发表的研究。具体而言，对58项研究进行了定性分析，对42项研究进行了定量分析。定性分析表明在风险暴露评估中缺乏客观性，许多论文很少或根本没有提供关于参与者风险暴露水平或领域的细节（即对心理健康的威胁是源于个体的生物学或认知，还是社会、人造或自然环境）。我们的定量分析表明，相对于对照条件，MBTs显著改善了主要结局，效应量为小到中等。在能够确定风险暴露水平的情况下，我们发现MBTs对治疗反应有正向调节作用，风险水平较高的参与者反应更好。我们得出结论，如果该学科要增进我们对哪些人群从促进正念的干预措施中获益最多的理解，未来的积极心理学研究将需要更好地考虑风险暴露因素。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s41042-023-00145-y获取的补充材料。
