Significance of body mass index for diagnosing sarcopenia is equivalent to slow gait speed in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: Cross-sectional study using outpatient clinical data.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of sarcopenia in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with type 2 diabetes who visited an outpatient clinic comprised the study's participants. Sarcopenia was defined using the definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014. The area under the curve was examined for the presence of sarcopenia based on the receiver operating characteristic curve of BMI.

RESULTS

Among 1,137 patients, 210 were diagnosed with low grip strength, 78 with slow gait speed, 444 with low muscle mass and 142 with sarcopenia. The optimal cut-off point of BMI level for risk of sarcopenia was 24.4 kg/m (area under the curve 0.729, 95% confidence interval 0.688-0.770, sensitivity 0.587, specificity 0.789). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve of BMI for sarcopenia did not significantly differ (P = 0.09) from that of gait speed, an established marker of sarcopenia. In both the male and female groups, there was no difference between the receiver operating characteristic curves of BMI and gait speed for sarcopenia. (P = 0.23 and P = 0.40, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that a BMI <24 kg/m among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes could increase their risk of sarcopenia, the extent of which is equivalent to the risk for sarcopenia from slow gait speed in this study. Further prospective investigation, however, is required.