Imagawa Toshifumi, Saito Mayuko, Yamamoto Dai, Saito-Obata Mariko, Masago Yoshifumi, Ablola Adrianne C, Tandoc Amado O, Segubre-Mercado Edelwisa, Lupisan Socorro P, Oshitani Hitoshi
Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Infect Genet Evol. 2020 Nov;85:104465. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104465. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
Rotaviruses are the major cause of severe acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Rotaviruses exhibit zoonosis and thereby infect both humans and animals. Viruses detected in urban rivers possibly reflect the presence of circulating viruses in the catchment. The present study investigates the genetic diversity of species A rotaviruses detected from river water and stool of hospitalized children with acute diarrhea in Tacloban City, the Philippines. Species A rotaviruses were detected by real-time RT-PCR and their genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR and sequencing of partial regions of VP7 and VP4. Rotaviruses were detected in 85.7% (30/35) of the river water samples and 62.7% (151/241) of the clinical samples. Genotypes of VP7 in the river water samples were G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G9, and those of VP4 were P[3], P[4], P[6], P[8], and P[13]. Genotypes of viruses from the clinical samples were G2P[4], G1P[8], G3P[8], G4P[6], G5P[6], and G9P[8]. Among those, G2P[4] in clinical samples (77.9%, 81/104) and P[4] of VP4 in river water samples (67.5%, 56/83)) were the most frequently detected rotavirus genotypes. However, G5 was the more frequently detected than G2 in the river water samples (42% vs. 13%) which may be originated from porcine rotavirus. Sequence analyses of eleven gene segments revealed one G5P[6] and two G4P[6] rotaviruses in the clinical samples, wherein, several gene segments were closely related to porcine rotaviruses. The constellation of these rotavirus genes suggests the emergence of reassortment between human and porcine rotavirus due to interspecies transmission. Although two commercial rotavirus vaccines are available now, these vaccines are designed to confer immunity against the major human rotaviruses. Constant monitoring of viral variety in populated areas where humans and domestic animals live in close proximity provides vital information related to the diversity of rotaviruses in a human population.
轮状病毒是婴幼儿严重急性腹泻的主要病因。轮状病毒具有人畜共患病特征，可感染人类和动物。城市河流中检测到的病毒可能反映了集水区中传播的病毒的存在。本研究调查了从菲律宾塔克洛班市急性腹泻住院儿童的河水和粪便中检测到的A种轮状病毒的遗传多样性。通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测A种轮状病毒，并通过多重聚合酶链反应以及对VP7和VP4部分区域进行测序来鉴定其基因型。在85.7%（30/35）的河水样本和62.7%（151/241）的临床样本中检测到了轮状病毒。河水样本中VP7的基因型为G1、G2、G3、G4、G5和G9，VP4的基因型为P[3]、P[4]、P[6]、P[8]和P[13]。临床样本中病毒的基因型为G2P[4]、G1P[8]、G3P[8]、G4P[6]、G5P[6]和G9P[8]。其中，临床样本中的G2P[4]（77.9%，81/104）和河水样本中VP4的P[4]（67.5%，56/83）是最常检测到的轮状病毒基因型。然而，河水中G5的检出频率高于G2（42%对13%），这可能源自猪轮状病毒。对11个基因片段的序列分析显示，临床样本中有一株G5P[6]和两株G4P[6]轮状病毒，其中几个基因片段与猪轮状病毒密切相关。这些轮状病毒基因的组合表明，由于种间传播，人源和猪源轮状病毒之间出现了基因重配。尽管目前有两种商用轮状病毒疫苗，但这些疫苗旨在提供针对主要人类轮状病毒的免疫力。在人类和家畜近距离生活的人口密集地区持续监测病毒种类，可为了解人群中轮状病毒的多样性提供重要信息。
