Zapata Christophe, Deléens Eliane, Chaillou Sylvain, Magné Christian
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UPRES EA 2069 (URVVC), BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, URA CNRS 1128, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France (deceased).
Funct Plant Biol. 2004 Dec;31(11):1127-1135. doi: 10.1071/FP04028.
As a part of a project aimed at elucidating the causal relationship between reserve mobilisation and the extent of shedding in Vitis vinifera L., we compared storage and fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in two varieties differing in their susceptibility to fruitlet abscission. Merlot (susceptible) and Pinot Noir (P. Noir, not susceptible) vines were grown in trenches under semi-controlled conditions over a 3-y period after planting. Mobilisation of stored C and N, distribution of reserve materials within the vines and N uptake were followed particularly during the spring growth flush and floral development in the third year. At dormancy, starch levels in the perennial tissues (roots, trunk, canes) were higher in Merlot than in P. Noir. During the spring growth flush, starch level decreased markedly in the roots of both cultivars until early bloom. At that time, starch started to accumulate in P. Noir but not in Merlot. Similar variations were found with total N. Accordingly, N analysis showed that translocation of storage N to the annual tissues was nearly achieved at early bloom in P. Noir while it continued until pea berry size in Merlot. In parallel, N uptake increased during the spring growth flush, and it was higher in P. Noir than in Merlot. These results indicate that transition between heterotrophic (root) and autotrophic (leaf) mode of nutrient allocation towards the developing inflorescences occurs earlier in P. Noir. Possible consequences are discussed in relation to the susceptibility of each cultivar to shedding.
作为旨在阐明葡萄储备动员与落果程度之间因果关系的项目的一部分，我们比较了两个对小果脱落敏感性不同的品种中碳（C）和氮（N）储备的储存和去向。梅洛（易感品种）和黑皮诺（黑皮诺，不易感品种）葡萄藤在种植后的3年期间，在半控制条件下种植在沟渠中。特别在第三年的春季生长旺盛期和花期，跟踪储存的碳和氮的动员、储备物质在葡萄藤内的分布以及氮的吸收情况。休眠期时，梅洛多年生组织（根、树干、茎）中的淀粉水平高于黑皮诺。在春季生长旺盛期，两个品种的根中淀粉水平均显著下降，直至初花期。此时，淀粉开始在黑皮诺中积累，而在梅洛中则没有。总氮也有类似的变化。因此，氮分析表明，黑皮诺在初花期时，储存氮向一年生组织的转运几乎完成，而梅洛则一直持续到豌豆粒大小。同时，春季生长旺盛期氮的吸收增加，黑皮诺中的吸收量高于梅洛。这些结果表明，黑皮诺中向发育中的花序分配养分的异养（根）和自养（叶）模式之间的转变发生得更早。针对每个品种对落果的敏感性，讨论了可能的后果。
