Zhao Ruozhi, Wan Peng, Shariati-Ievari Shiva, Aliani Michel, Shen Garry X
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.
Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada.
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Aug 19;68(33):8855-8862. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03776. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
Previous studies indicated that North American wild rice (WIR) reduced atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. The effects of WIR on hyperglycemia in diabetic animal models have not been documented. The present study aims to determine the impact of WIR on glucose metabolism in high-fat (HF)-induced diabetic mice and a key modulator. Male C57 BL/J6 mice were treated with a control diet and a HF diet supplemented with 26% (weight/weight, a substitute for carbohydrates in the diet) of WIR or white rice (WHR) ( = 8/group) for 11 weeks. HF + WHR diet significantly increased fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance, monocyte adhesion, and the levels of relevant inflammatory mediators (tumor necrotic factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1) in mice compared to the control diet ( < 0.01). HF + WIR significantly reduced HF diet-induced metabolic and inflammatory changes compared to the HF + WHR diet ( < 0.01). Metabolomics analysis indicated that an array of metabolites related to glucose metabolism was significantly more abundant in WIR than in WHR, including adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), a potent agonist for AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK. WIR normalized HF diet-induced reduction in the abundance of phospho-AMPKα in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue from the mice. The findings for the first time demonstrated that WIR decreased HF diet-induced hyperglycemia in mice compared to WHR. The metabolic benefits of WIR may result, at least in part, from the activation of AMPKα in insulin-sensitive tissue in the mice.
先前的研究表明，北美野生稻（WIR）可减轻低密度脂蛋白受体基因敲除小鼠的动脉粥样硬化和血管炎症。WIR对糖尿病动物模型高血糖的影响尚未见报道。本研究旨在确定WIR对高脂（HF）诱导的糖尿病小鼠葡萄糖代谢的影响及一种关键调节因子。将雄性C57 BL/J6小鼠分为对照组、高脂饮食组、高脂饮食添加26%（重量/重量，替代饮食中的碳水化合物）WIR组和高脂饮食添加白米（WHR）组（每组n = 8），喂养11周。与对照饮食相比，高脂 + WHR饮食显著增加了小鼠的空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、单核细胞黏附以及相关炎症介质（肿瘤坏死因子-α、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1）水平（P < 0.01）。与高脂 + WHR饮食相比，高脂 + WIR显著降低了高脂饮食诱导的代谢和炎症变化（P < 0.01）。代谢组学分析表明，与葡萄糖代谢相关的一系列代谢产物在WIR组中比WHR组明显更丰富，包括5'-单磷酸腺苷（AMP），一种AMP激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）的强效激动剂。WIR使高脂饮食诱导的小鼠骨骼肌、肝脏和脂肪组织中磷酸化AMPKα丰度降低恢复正常。研究结果首次表明，与WHR相比，WIR可降低高脂饮食诱导的小鼠高血糖。WIR的代谢益处可能至少部分源于小鼠胰岛素敏感组织中AMPKα的激活。
