Soriano Jose M, Rubini Ana, Morales-Suarez-Varela María, Merino-Torres Juan F, Silvestre Dolores
Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Spain.
Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departament of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Spain.
Toxicon. 2020 Oct 15;185:174-183. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.010. Epub 2020 Jul 18.
Originally, the kwashiorkor is a pathology justified by the low consumption of proteins and high carbohydrates in weaned children. However, today, it can appear due to multifactorial causes, one of the hypotheses being the presence of aflatoxins in foods consumed by the child population and detected in biological fluids. The objective of this work is to scoping review the presence of aflatoxins in kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor from organs and biological samples in children. Results reflected that the presence of aflatoxins in kwashiorkor is greater compared to marasmic-kwashiorkor and marasmus in the organs and biological samples analyzed. The relationship of this mycotoxin with the pathology shows that it can affect both genders, even up to 12 years, in addition they are detected in eight biological samples and organs, except in the spleen, and in ten African countries and in the Philippines. The appearance of this pathology has been associated in children when after weaning they consume foods with low protein content and rich in carbohydrates, but coincidentally coincides with foods where the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi is more prevalent, and even the presence of other fungi that can generate other mycotoxins, such as ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1.
最初，夸休可尔症是一种因断奶儿童蛋白质摄入量低和碳水化合物摄入量高而导致的病症。然而如今，它可能由多种因素引起，其中一种假说是儿童群体食用的食物中存在黄曲霉毒素，且在生物体液中被检测到。这项工作的目的是对儿童器官和生物样本中夸休可尔症、消瘦症及夸休可尔 - 消瘦症混合类型中黄曲霉毒素的存在情况进行范围综述。结果表明，在分析的器官和生物样本中，夸休可尔症中黄曲霉毒素的存在量比夸休可尔 - 消瘦症混合类型和消瘦症中的更多。这种霉菌毒素与该病症的关系表明，它可影响两性，甚至12岁以下儿童，此外，在除脾脏外的八个生物样本和器官中以及十个非洲国家和菲律宾都检测到了它。这种病症在儿童断奶后食用低蛋白含量且富含碳水化合物的食物时出现，但巧合的是，这些食物正是黄曲霉产毒真菌生长更为普遍的食物，甚至还存在能产生其他霉菌毒素（如赭曲霉毒素A和伏马菌素B1）的其他真菌。
