Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Ohmori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021;21(7):894-901. doi: 10.2174/1871520620666200721103935.
The genus Acer contains around 200 species, with more than 400 garden varieties. There is considerable diversity in these species and garden varieties, and each can be characterized by morphology and chemical composition. The red appearance of Acer leaves is due to anthocyanin compounds, including cyanidin glycosides, delphinidin glycosides, and galloylated anthocyanins. Few studies have investigated the diversity of anthocyanin compounds in garden varieties, and no studies have examined the pharmacological effects of these compounds.
The purpose of this study was to identify the anthocyanins of Acer palmatum cv. 'Chishio', a garden variety of A. palmatum and evaluate their antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.
A methanol extract of fresh leaves was partitioned with ethyl acetate. The extract was purified by column chromatography and compounds were subsequently identified by 1H and 13C NMR and ESI-HRMS. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) colorimetric assay. The antioxidant assay was evaluated by scavenging activity using the stable radical DPPH.
The anthocyanins cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl- β-glucopyranoside), cyanidin-3-O- β- glucopyranoside, cyanidin-3-O-[2''-O-(galloyl)-6''-O-(rhamnosyl)-β-glucoside], and cyanidin-3-O-[2''-O-(galloyl)- β-glucopyranoside] were isolated from A. palmatum cv. 'Chishio'. All four anthocyanin compounds showed antiproliferative activity against LLC and T47D cells, and galloylated anthocyanin showed antiproliferative activity against C3H10T1/2 cells. All four anthocyanins inhibited the activity of DPPH radicals in a dosedependent manner.
Maple anthocyanins could be a new cancer therapeutic agent or prophylactic medicine.
槭属植物约有 200 种，其中 400 多种为园艺品种。这些物种和园艺品种存在相当大的多样性，每种植物都可以通过形态和化学成分来区分。槭树叶的红色外观是由于类黄酮化合物的存在，包括矢车菊素糖苷、飞燕草素糖苷和酰化花青素。很少有研究调查园艺品种中类黄酮化合物的多样性，也没有研究检查这些化合物的药理作用。
本研究的目的是鉴定槭树品种‘Chishio’的花青素，并评估其抗增殖和抗氧化活性。
用甲醇提取新鲜叶片，用乙酸乙酯进行分配。提取物通过柱色谱法进行纯化，然后通过 1H 和 13C NMR 以及 ESI-HRMS 鉴定化合物。通过 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺基苯基)-2H-四唑，内盐（MTS）比色法评估抗增殖活性。抗氧化试验通过用稳定自由基 DPPH 测定清除活性来评估。
从槭树品种‘Chishio’中分离出四种花青素：矢车菊素-3-O-(6''-O-α-鼠李吡喃糖苷基-β-葡萄糖苷)、矢车菊素-3-O-β-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-[2''-O-(没食子酰基)-6''-O-(鼠李糖基)-β-葡萄糖苷]和矢车菊素-3-O-[2''-O-(没食子酰基)-β-葡萄糖苷]。四种花青素均对 LLC 和 T47D 细胞表现出抗增殖活性，酰化花青素对 C3H10T1/2 细胞表现出抗增殖活性。四种花青素均以剂量依赖的方式抑制 DPPH 自由基的活性。
槭树花青素可能成为一种新的癌症治疗剂或预防药物。
