School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Immunol. 2020 Sep 15;205(6):1488-1495. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000644. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although most people are immunocompetent to the virus, a small group fail to mount an effective antiviral response and develop chronic infections that trigger hyperinflammation. This results in major complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan failure, which all carry poor prognoses. Emerging evidence suggests that the complement system plays a key role in this inflammatory reaction. Indeed, patients with severe COVID-19 show prominent complement activation in their lung, skin, and sera, and those individuals who were treated with complement inhibitors all recovered with no adverse reactions. These and other studies hint at complement's therapeutic potential in these sequalae, and thus, to support drug development, in this review, we provide a summary of COVID-19 and review complement's role in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 引起的高度传染性呼吸道感染。虽然大多数人对该病毒具有免疫力，但一小部分人无法产生有效的抗病毒反应，从而发展为慢性感染，引发过度炎症。这会导致严重的并发症，包括急性呼吸窘迫综合征、弥散性血管内凝血和多器官衰竭，所有这些都预后不良。新出现的证据表明，补体系统在这种炎症反应中起着关键作用。事实上，重症 COVID-19 患者的肺部、皮肤和血清中明显存在补体激活，而接受补体抑制剂治疗的患者均无不良反应地康复。这些和其他研究提示补体在这些后遗症中有治疗潜力，因此，为了支持药物开发，在这篇综述中，我们提供了 COVID-19 的概述，并回顾了补体在 COVID-19 急性呼吸窘迫综合征和凝血障碍中的作用。
