Wilson Ben
Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Methodology, London School of Economics, Houghton St, London, WC2A 2AE UK.
Eur J Popul. 2019 Sep 30;36(3):465-498. doi: 10.1007/s10680-019-09536-x. eCollection 2020 Jul.
Studies of immigrant fertility differentials indicate that foreign-born women have more children than native-born women, at least for some origin groups. Yet little is known about variation in cumulative fertility differentials over the life course, including the extent to which this variation develops into completed fertility differentials. This research responds with an analysis of cumulative fertility differentials in the UK for a cohort of women born between 1942 and 1971. Findings are consistent with age-specific patterns that have been documented for immigrant groups in the UK, but underline the importance of taking a cohort perspective, which helps to distinguish between the tempo and quantum of fertility. Immigrants have significantly higher completed fertility than UK-born natives if they were born in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Jamaica, or Western and Central Africa, but the profile of their cumulative fertility differentials-versus the UK-born-varies considerably over the life course, especially by age at migration. For example, women from Bangladesh and Pakistan have similar levels of cumulative fertility at age 40, but very different age patterns of cumulative fertility from ages 20-40. There is a consistent pattern of relatively delayed Pakistani fertility at early ages, especially for those arriving at later ages, but the same is not true for women from Bangladesh. Overall, these results imply that researchers should beware of variation in cohort fertility over the life course-with respect to both the quantum and tempo of fertility-when analysing immigrant childbearing, in addition to variation by origin and age at arrival.
对移民生育差异的研究表明，至少对于某些原籍群体来说，外国出生的女性比本国出生的女性生育的孩子更多。然而，对于一生中累积生育差异的变化，包括这种变化发展为最终生育差异的程度，我们却知之甚少。本研究通过分析1942年至1971年出生的英国女性队列的累积生育差异来做出回应。研究结果与英国移民群体已记录的特定年龄模式一致，但强调了采用队列视角的重要性，这有助于区分生育的节奏和数量。如果出生在印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、牙买加或西非和中非，移民的最终生育率显著高于英国本土出生的人，但他们与英国本土出生者相比的累积生育差异情况在一生中变化很大，尤其是在移民年龄方面。例如，孟加拉国和巴基斯坦的女性在40岁时累积生育水平相似，但在20至40岁之间累积生育的年龄模式却非常不同。巴基斯坦女性在早期生育相对延迟的模式较为一致，尤其是那些较晚到达的女性，但孟加拉国女性并非如此。总体而言，这些结果意味着研究人员在分析移民生育情况时，除了考虑原籍和到达年龄的差异外，还应注意一生中队列生育在生育数量和节奏方面的变化。
