Institute of Psychology-Wilhelm Wundt.
Department of Psychology.
Am Psychol. 2021 Jan;76(1):50-62. doi: 10.1037/amp0000702. Epub 2020 Jul 23.
The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted many people's lives. This study examined changes in subjective wellbeing between December 2019 and May 2020 and how stress appraisals and coping strategies relate to individual differences and changes in subjective wellbeing during the early stages of the pandemic. Data were collected at 4 time points from 979 individuals in Germany. Results showed that, on average, life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect did not change significantly between December 2019 and March 2020 but decreased between March and May 2020. Across the latter timespan, individual differences in life satisfaction were positively related to controllability appraisals, active coping, and positive reframing, and negatively related to threat and centrality appraisals and planning. Positive affect was positively related to challenge and controllable-by-self appraisals, active coping, using emotional support, and religion, and negatively related to threat appraisal and humor. Negative affect was positively related to threat and centrality appraisals, denial, substance use, and self-blame, and negatively related to controllability appraisals and emotional support. Contrary to expectations, the effects of stress appraisals and coping strategies on changes in subjective wellbeing were small and mostly nonsignificant. These findings imply that the COVID-19 pandemic represents not only a major medical and economic crisis, but also has a psychological dimension, as it can be associated with declines in key facets of people's subjective wellbeing. Psychological practitioners should address potential declines in subjective wellbeing with their clients and attempt to enhance clients' general capability to use functional stress appraisals and effective coping strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
新冠疫情对许多人的生活产生了重大影响。本研究考察了 2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 5 月期间主观幸福感的变化，以及在疫情早期，压力评估和应对策略如何与个体差异和主观幸福感的变化相关。数据来自德国的 979 名个体，在 4 个时间点进行收集。结果表明，平均而言，生活满意度、积极情绪和消极情绪在 2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 3 月之间没有显著变化，但在 2020 年 3 月至 5 月之间有所下降。在后者时间段内，生活满意度的个体差异与可控制性评估、积极应对和积极重评呈正相关，与威胁和中心性评估以及计划呈负相关。积极情绪与挑战和可自我控制评估、积极应对、使用情感支持和宗教呈正相关，与威胁评估和幽默呈负相关。消极情绪与威胁和中心性评估、否认、物质使用和自责呈正相关，与可控制性评估和情感支持呈负相关。与预期相反，压力评估和应对策略对主观幸福感变化的影响较小，且大多不显著。这些发现意味着，新冠疫情不仅代表着一场重大的医疗和经济危机，还具有心理层面，因为它可能与人们主观幸福感的关键方面下降有关。心理从业者应该与他们的客户讨论潜在的主观幸福感下降问题，并尝试增强客户普遍使用功能化压力评估和有效应对策略的能力。（美国心理协会，2021）。
