Zwingmann Christian
Protestant University of Applied Sciences RWL, Immanuel-Kant-Str. 18-20, 44803, Bochum, Germany.
J Relig Health. 2025 Aug 12. doi: 10.1007/s10943-025-02406-3.
This meta-analysis of the relationship between religiosity/spirituality (R/S) and mental health includes 39 studies from the German-speaking area conducted between 2016 and 2022/23. The weighted average correlation is 0.083 (95% CI [0.055; 0.111]), which means that greater R/S is significantly associated with better mental health, but only to a small extent. The overall effect is only slightly larger than that found in a previous meta-analysis of studies from German-speaking countries (0.06 when excluding negative forms of R/S) and can be considered rather minimal compared to findings from meta-analyses that mainly include studies from the USA. The results are moderated to a minor extent by whether religiosity (R) or spirituality (S) is measured in the primary studies: The average correlation is higher for S and mixed scales than for R scales. Thus, in the more secularized German-speaking countries, it is more the non-institutionalized, conceptually and semantically open forms of transcendental meaning-making that are associated with mental health.
这项关于宗教信仰/精神性（R/S）与心理健康之间关系的荟萃分析涵盖了2016年至2022/23年期间在德语区开展的39项研究。加权平均相关系数为0.083（95%置信区间[0.055；0.111]），这意味着更强的R/S与更好的心理健康显著相关，但关联程度较小。总体效应仅略大于之前对德语国家研究的荟萃分析结果（排除R/S的消极形式时为0.06），与主要纳入美国研究的荟萃分析结果相比，可认为相当微小。主要研究中对宗教信仰（R）或精神性（S）的测量在一定程度上缓和了结果：S和混合量表的平均相关系数高于R量表。因此，在世俗化程度更高的德语国家，与心理健康相关的更多是非制度化、概念和语义上开放的超验意义构建形式。
