Chen Jacqueline M, Norman Jasmine B, Nam Yeseul
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2021 Feb;53(1):371-389. doi: 10.3758/s13428-020-01447-8.
Face-based perceptions form the basis for how people behave towards each other and, hence, are central to understanding human interaction. Studying face perception requires a large and diverse set of stimuli in order to make ecologically valid, generalizable conclusions. To date, there are no publicly available databases with a substantial number of Multiracial or racially ambiguous faces. Our systematic review of the literature on Multiracial person perception documented that published studies have relied on computer-generated faces (84% of stimuli), Black-White faces (74%), and male faces (63%). We sought to address these issues, and to broaden the diversity of available face stimuli, by creating the American Multiracial Faces Database (AMFD). The AMFD is a novel collection of 110 faces with mixed-race heritage and accompanying ratings of those faces by naive observers that are freely available to academic researchers. The faces (smiling and neutral expression poses) were rated on attractiveness, emotional expression, racial ambiguity, masculinity, racial group membership(s), gender group membership(s), warmth, competence, dominance, and trustworthiness. The large majority of the AMFD faces are racially ambiguous and can pass into at least two different racial categories. These faces will be useful to researchers seeking to study Multiracial person perception as well as those looking for racially ambiguous faces in order to study categorization processes in general. Consequently, the AMFD will be useful to a broad group of researchers who are studying face perception.
基于面部的认知构成了人们彼此之间行为方式的基础，因此对于理解人际互动至关重要。研究面部认知需要大量多样的刺激，以便得出具有生态学效度且可推广的结论。迄今为止，尚无大量包含多种族或种族模糊面孔的公开可用数据库。我们对关于多种族个体认知的文献进行的系统综述表明，已发表的研究依赖于计算机生成的面孔（84%的刺激）、黑白面孔（74%）和男性面孔（63%）。我们试图通过创建美国多种族面孔数据库（AMFD）来解决这些问题，并扩大可用面部刺激的多样性。AMFD是一个新颖的数据库，包含110张具有混血背景的面孔，以及普通观察者对这些面孔的相关评分，可供学术研究人员免费使用。这些面孔（微笑和中性表情姿势）在吸引力、情感表达、种族模糊性、男性气质、种族群体归属、性别群体归属、温暖度、能力、支配力和可信度等方面得到了评分。AMFD中的绝大多数面孔在种族上具有模糊性，可以归入至少两个不同的种族类别。这些面孔对于寻求研究多种族个体认知的研究人员以及那些寻找种族模糊面孔以总体研究分类过程的研究人员都将有用。因此，AMFD对于广泛研究面部认知的研究人员群体将是有用的。
