Willadsen-Jensen Eve, Ito Tiffany A
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015 Jul;10(7):885-92. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsu134. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
Reactions to individuals who possess features associated with multiple racial groups may be particularly susceptible to external contextual influences, leading to meaningfully different racial perceptions and judgments in different situations. In the present study, we found that an extrinsic race-label cue not only changed evaluative associations activated by a racially ambiguous face, but also changed quickly occurring neural responses sensitive to racial perception. Behaviorally, prototypical Black faces and racially ambiguous faces labeled as Black activated more negative implicit associations than prototypical White faces and racially ambiguous faces labeled as White. Neurally, prototypical faces and racially ambiguous faces cued with the same race elicited similar responses. Specifically, prototypical Black and racially ambiguous faces labeled as Black elicited larger P200s but smaller N200s than prototypical White and racially ambiguous faces labeled as White. These results show that racial perception can be changed by an external cue and this, in turn, influences subsequent evaluative reactions.
对具有多个种族群体相关特征的个体的反应可能特别容易受到外部情境影响，从而在不同情况下导致截然不同的种族认知和判断。在本研究中，我们发现外在的种族标签线索不仅改变了由种族模糊面孔激活的评价联想，还改变了对种族认知敏感的快速发生的神经反应。在行为上，典型的黑人面孔和被标记为黑人的种族模糊面孔比典型的白人面孔和被标记为白人的种族模糊面孔激活了更多负面的内隐联想。在神经层面，用相同种族提示的典型面孔和种族模糊面孔引发了相似的反应。具体而言，被标记为黑人的典型黑人面孔和种族模糊面孔比被标记为白人的典型白人面孔和种族模糊面孔引发更大的P200波幅但更小的N200波幅。这些结果表明，种族认知可以被外部线索改变，进而影响随后的评价反应。
