Theodosiou Krystallia, Giannopoulos Panagiotis, Georgakopoulos Tilemachos, Stathatos Elias
BRITE Solar Technologies, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Str., Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Laboratory (NAML), Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334 Patras, Greece.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Jul 21;13(14):3241. doi: 10.3390/ma13143241.
In common commercially available electrochromic glass panes, the active materials such as WO and NiO films are typically deposited by either physical vapor or sputtering under vacuum. In the present studies, we report on the inkjet printing method to deposit both electrochromic and ion storage electrode layers under ambient conditions. An ion storage layer based on cerium modified TiO and electrochromic nanocrystalline WO were both prepared under the wet method and deposited as inks on conductive substrates. Both compounds possess porous morphology facilitating high ion diffusion during electrochemical processes. In particular, the ion storage layer was evaluated in terms of porosity, charge capacity and ion diffusion coefficient. A scaled up 90 cm electrochromic device with quasi-solid-state electrolyte was made with the aforementioned materials and evaluated in terms of optical modulation in the visible region, cyclic voltammetry and color efficiency. High contrast between 13.2% and 71.6% for tinted and bleached states measured at 550 nm was monitored under low bias at +2.5 volt and -0.3 volts respectively. Moreover, the calculated energy density equal to 1.95 × 10 mWh cm and the high areal capacitance of 156.19 mF cm of the device could combine the electrochromic behavior of the cell with energy storage capability so as to be a promising candidate for future applications into smart buildings.
在常见的商用电致变色玻璃板中，诸如WO和NiO薄膜等活性材料通常通过物理气相沉积或在真空下溅射来沉积。在本研究中，我们报道了在环境条件下通过喷墨印刷法来沉积电致变色层和离子存储电极层。基于铈改性TiO的离子存储层和电致变色纳米晶WO均采用湿法制备，并作为墨水沉积在导电基板上。这两种化合物都具有多孔形态，有利于在电化学过程中实现高离子扩散。特别是，对离子存储层的孔隙率、电荷容量和离子扩散系数进行了评估。使用上述材料制作了一个放大至90厘米的带有准固态电解质的电致变色器件，并对其在可见光区域的光学调制、循环伏安法和颜色效率方面进行了评估。在分别为+2.5伏和 -0.3伏的低偏压下，监测到在550纳米处测量的着色和漂白状态之间的高对比度分别为13.2%和71.6%。此外，该器件计算得出的能量密度等于1.95×10毫瓦时/平方厘米，以及156.19毫法/平方厘米的高面积电容，能够将电池的电致变色行为与能量存储能力相结合，从而成为未来智能建筑应用的有前景的候选者。
