College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul 130-791, Korea.
Department of Sports Sciences, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 21;17(14):5260. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145260.
For many years, body dissatisfaction was considered a western phenomenon, and was studied mostly in Caucasian women. Recent studies, however, suggest that these issues are also present in men and in other ethnic groups. This research investigated the differential effects of various sociocultural pressures transmitted from the media, one's parents, and one's peers on the drives for thinness and muscularity, and body dissatisfaction among 1125 Korean college students (56% male) using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that, after controlling for body mass index and exercise, media pressures exerted the largest effects on participants' body ideals and, in turn, body dissatisfaction across both genders ( = 0.44, and 0.30, < 0.05, for females and males, respectively). This study's results also indicate that there are considerable gender differences in this relationship. Specifically, the results show that parental and media pressure had significant indirect relationships with body dissatisfaction via the drive for thinness among females, while peer and media pressures had significant indirect relationships with body dissatisfaction via the drive for muscularity among males. As body dissatisfaction is known to significantly affect an individual's mental and physical health, future research needs to identify relevant influential factors in this area, as well as the paths they have leading to increased body dissatisfaction.
多年来，身体不满被认为是一种西方现象，主要在白种女性中进行研究。然而，最近的研究表明，这些问题也存在于男性和其他族裔群体中。本研究使用结构方程模型，调查了来自媒体、父母和同龄人等不同社会文化压力对 1125 名韩国大学生（56%为男性）的瘦身和肌肉发达驱力以及身体不满的差异影响。结果表明，在控制体重指数和运动后，媒体压力对参与者的身体理想产生了最大的影响，继而对两性的身体不满产生了影响（女性为 0.44，男性为 0.30，<0.05）。本研究的结果还表明，这种关系存在相当大的性别差异。具体来说，结果表明，在女性中，父母和媒体压力通过对瘦身的渴望与身体不满存在显著的间接关系，而在男性中，同伴和媒体压力通过对肌肉发达的渴望与身体不满存在显著的间接关系。由于身体不满已知会显著影响个体的身心健康，因此未来的研究需要确定该领域的相关影响因素，以及它们导致身体不满增加的途径。
