El-Amier Yasser A, Bonanomi Giuliano, Al-Rowaily Saud L, Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Jul 18;9(7):910. doi: 10.3390/plants9070910.
The use of drainage water in the irrigation of agroecosystem is associated with environmental hazards, and can pose threats to human health. Nine heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb) along three main drains in the middle Nile Delta were measures in the sediments, roots and shoots of three common macrophytes (, and ). The physicochemical characteristics, as well as the enrichment factor (Ef), contamination factor (Cf), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk factor (Er), degree of contamination (Dc) and potential ecological risk index (PERI), were determined for sediment. The metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were assessed for plants. Data revealed high contents of Cr, Zn and Cd in the upstream of the drains, while Mn, Cu and Ni were recorded in high concentrations in the downstream. Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn were recorded to be within EU (2002), CSQGD (2007) and US EPA (1999) limits, while Cd and Pb showed high a ecological risk index. This high concentration of pollutants could be attributed to unremitting industrial activities, which can bioaccumulate in the food chains and cause serious problems for humans. The root of showed the effective accumulation of most of the elements, while revealed the highest accumulation of Pb. However, the highest BAF shoot value was found in for most of the heavy metals, except for Fe and Zn in and Mn in . Thus, could be used as a potential phytoextractor of these hazardous metals, as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient method for remediation of the polluted drains. Further, could be integrated as a hyperaccumulator of Pb. Strict laws and regulations must be taken into consideration by the policymaker against unmanaged industrial activities, particularly near the water streams in the Nile Delta.
在农业生态系统灌溉中使用排水与环境危害相关，并且可能对人类健康构成威胁。对尼罗河三角洲中部三条主要排水沟沿线的沉积物、三种常见大型植物（、和）的根和茎中的九种重金属（铁、锰、锌、铜、钴、铬、镍、镉和铅）进行了测量。测定了沉积物的理化特性以及富集因子（Ef）、污染因子（Cf）、地累积指数（Igeo）、生态风险因子（Er）、污染程度（Dc）和潜在生态风险指数（PERI）。评估了植物的金属生物累积因子（BAF）和转运因子（TF）。数据显示，排水沟上游的铬、锌和镉含量较高，而下游记录到锰、铜和镍的浓度较高。锰、铬、钴、铜、镍和锌的含量记录在欧盟（2002年）、加拿大土壤质量指南（2007年）和美国环境保护局（1999年）的限值范围内，而镉和铅显示出较高的生态风险指数。这种高浓度的污染物可能归因于持续不断的工业活动，这些活动会在食物链中生物累积并给人类带来严重问题。的根显示出对大多数元素的有效积累，而显示出对铅的最高积累。然而，除了中的铁和锌以及中的锰外，大多数重金属在中的BAF茎值最高。因此，可作为这些有害金属的潜在植物提取剂，作为一种生态友好且成本效益高的污染排水沟修复方法。此外，可作为铅的超富集植物。政策制定者必须考虑制定严格的法律法规来应对无节制的工业活动，特别是在尼罗河三角洲的水流附近。
