Tomlinson Kalin A, Hansen Ken, Helzer Daniel, Lewis Zakkoyya H, Leyva Whitney D, McCauley Meghan, Pritchard William, Silvestri Emma, Quila Monica, Yi Michael, Jo Edward
Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2020 Jul 17;8(7):101. doi: 10.3390/sports8070101.
Prior evidence demonstrates the efficacy by which plyometric activities during warm-up conditions augment the subsequent performance in power-centric exercise. We investigated the acute effects of loaded jump squats incorporated into a standard sprinters' warm-up protocol on subsequent sprint performance in collegiate track athletes. Sprint times of 22 male and female collegiate track athletes were measured in 10-m intervals during a 30-m sprint trial following a standard sprinters' warm-up routine with or without plyometric exercise. Subjects were tested on two separate occasions, once with loaded jump squats as the experimental treatment (two sets of eight jumps, load = 13% bodyweight) (PLYO) and once with time-equated rest as the control treatment (CON). Treatments were implemented following a standard sprinters' warm-up routine familiar to the subjects. A dependent T-test was used for comparison of sprint interval times between conditions with a significant effect indicated by a -value < 0.05. Sprint time did not differ between CON vs. PLYO at the 10 m (PLYO = 1.90 ± 0.12 s vs. CON = 1.90 ± 0.11 s, = 0.66), 20 m (PLYO = 3.16 ± 0.21 s vs. CON = 3.15 ± 0.19 s, = 0.53), and 30 m (PLYO = 4.32 ± 0.32 s vs. CON = 4.31 ± 0.28 s, = 0.61) intervals. There was no interaction between treatment and sex, sex-specific ranking (above vs. below sex-specific mean), or sprint event (short vs. short-long vs. long) for 10 m, 20 m, or 30-m interval sprint times. At least within the limits of the current investigation, no evidence was provided to suggest that jump squats loaded at 13% bodyweight are an effective means to acutely potentiate sprint performance in collegiate track athletes. However, a further examination of responders indicates that the present loaded jump squat protocol may preferentially potentiate sprint performance in faster male athletes.
先前的证据表明，热身时进行的增强式训练活动能提高随后以力量为中心的运动表现。我们研究了将负重深蹲跳纳入标准短跑运动员热身方案对大学生田径运动员随后短跑表现的急性影响。在22名男女大学生田径运动员按照标准短跑运动员热身程序进行或不进行增强式训练后，在30米短跑测试中以10米间隔测量其短跑时间。受试者在两个不同的场合接受测试，一次将负重深蹲跳作为实验处理（两组，每组八次跳跃，负荷为体重的13%）（PLYO），另一次将等时休息作为对照处理（CON）。处理措施按照受试者熟悉的标准短跑运动员热身程序实施。使用配对t检验比较不同条件下的短跑间隔时间，p值<0.05表示有显著影响。在10米（PLYO = 1.90 ± 0.12秒，CON = 1.90 ± 0.11秒，p = 0.66）、20米（PLYO = 3.16 ± 0.21秒，CON = 3.15 ± 0.19秒，p = 0.53）和30米（PLYO = 4.32 ± 0.32秒，CON = 4.31 ± 0.28秒，p = 0.61）间隔时，CON组和PLYO组的短跑时间没有差异。在10米、20米或30米间隔的短跑时间上，处理与性别、性别特异性排名（高于或低于性别特异性均值）或短跑项目（短距离与短长距离与长距离）之间没有交互作用。至少在当前研究的范围内，没有证据表明负荷为体重13%的深蹲跳是急性增强大学生田径运动员短跑表现的有效手段。然而，对反应者的进一步检查表明，目前的负重深蹲跳方案可能会优先增强速度较快的男性运动员的短跑表现。
