Assunção Ari R, Bottaro Martim, Cardoso Euler A, Dantas da Silva Daiane P, Ferraz Marcelo, Vieira Carlos A, Gentil Paulo
College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
Integrated Center of Physical Activity, Brasília, Brazil.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 May;58(5):570-575. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07173-0. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Parameters related to the anaerobic capacity and power may be important for the performance of many sports whose skills are related to high-intensity and short-duration efforts. Although plyometric training (PT) has been widely used in the regular strength and conditioning programs of young athletes, its effects on anaerobic performance are still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PT in anaerobic performance in young athletes.
Twenty-nine adolescent athletes participated in this 10-week study. Baseline and post intervention testing included Flying Start 30 m Sprint Test (F30), 1600 m, and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). Subjects were divided in two groups: one completed only their regular training sessions, thus serving as the control (CON, N.=15), whereas the other performed the regular training plus twice-weekly low-volume plyometric training (PLYO, N.=14).
PLYO groups had significant increases in all variables analyzed. The novel findings were the increase in F30 performance (4.22% for PLYO vs. 1.08% for CON), the decreases in Fatigue Index (9.9% for PLYO vs. 1.53% for CON), and increases in minimum (19.41% for PLYO vs. 0.29 for CON), mean (14.7% for PLYO vs. 0.16% for CON) and peak power (10.88% for PLYO vs. 0.81% for CON) during the RAST Test.
Considering that anaerobic performance is an important feature in many sports, our results suggests that coaches involved with strength and conditioning of youth athletes should consider the inclusion PT in their training periodization.
与无氧能力和功率相关的参数对于许多技能与高强度、短时间努力相关的运动表现可能很重要。尽管增强式训练（PT）已广泛应用于年轻运动员的常规力量和体能训练计划中，但其对无氧运动表现的影响仍存在争议。因此，本研究的目的是评估PT对年轻运动员无氧运动表现的影响。
29名青少年运动员参与了这项为期10周的研究。基线测试和干预后测试包括飞行起跑30米冲刺测试（F30）、1600米测试以及基于跑步的无氧冲刺测试（RAST）。受试者分为两组：一组仅完成常规训练课程，作为对照组（CON，n = 15），而另一组在进行常规训练的同时，每周进行两次小剂量的增强式训练（PLYO，n = 14）。
PLYO组在所有分析变量上均有显著增加。新发现包括F30表现的提高（PLYO组为4.22%，CON组为1.08%）、疲劳指数的降低（PLYO组为9.9%，CON组为1.53%）以及RAST测试期间最小功率（PLYO组为19.41%，CON组为0.29%）、平均功率（PLYO组为14.7%，CON组为0.16%）和峰值功率（PLYO组为10.88%，CON组为0.81%）的增加。
鉴于无氧运动表现在许多运动中都是一个重要特征，我们的结果表明，参与青少年运动员力量和体能训练的教练应考虑在他们的训练周期中纳入PT。
