Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Department of Diagnostic Imaging of Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2021;80(3):567-574. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0079. Epub 2020 Jul 25.
The diaphragm is supplied by the superior and inferior phrenic arteries. This present study focusses on the latter. The inferior phrenic arteries (IPA) usually originate from the abdominal aorta. The two arteries have different origins, and knowledge of these is important when performing related surgical interventions and interventional radiological procedures. The aim of this study was to identify variations in the origin of the IPA and conduct relevant morphometric analyses.
The anatomical variations in the origins of the left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA) and the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) were examined in 48 cadavers fixed in 10% formalin solution. A dissection of the abdominal region of the cadavers was performed according to a pre-established protocol using traditional techniques. Morphometric measurements were then taken twice by two of the researchers.
In the cadavers, six types of origin were observed. In type 1, the most common type, the RIPA and LIPA originate from the abdominal aorta (AA) (14 = 29.12%). In type 2, the RIPA and the LIPA originate from the coeliac trunk (CT) (12 = 24.96%). In type 3, the RIPA and the LIPA originate from the left gastric artery, with no CT observed (3 = 6.24%). Type 4 has two subtypes: 4A, in which the LIPA originates from the AA and the RIPA originates from the CT (9 = 18.72%) and 4B, in which the RIPA originates from the AA and the LIPA originates from the CT (6 = 12.48%). In type 5, the LIPA originates from the AA and the RIPA originates from the AA (1 = 2.08%). Type 6 is characterised by the RIPA and LIPA forming a common trunk originating from the CT (3 = 6.24%).
Our findings suggest the presence of six different types of LIPA and RIPA origin. The most common form is type 1, characterised by an IPA originating from the abdominal aorta, while the second most common is type 2, in which the IPA originates from the AA by a common trunk. The diversity of other types of origin is associated with the occurrence of coeliac trunk variation (type 3). No significant differences in RIPA diameter could be found, whereas LIPA diameter could vary significantly. No significant differences in RIPA and the LIPA diameter could be found according to sex.
膈由膈上动脉和膈下动脉供应。本研究集中于后者。膈下动脉（IPA）通常起源于腹主动脉。两条动脉有不同的起源，了解这些对于进行相关的外科干预和介入放射学操作非常重要。本研究的目的是确定 IPA 起源的变异，并进行相关的形态测量分析。
在 48 例固定在 10%福尔马林溶液中的尸体中，检查了左膈下动脉（LIPA）和右膈下动脉（RIPA）起源的解剖学变异。按照预先设定的方案，采用传统技术对尸体腹部进行解剖。然后由两名研究人员进行两次形态测量。
在尸体中，观察到六种起源类型。在最常见的类型 1 中，RIPA 和 LIPA 起源于腹主动脉（AA）（14 = 29.12%）。在类型 2 中，RIPA 和 LIPA 起源于腹腔干（CT）（12 = 24.96%）。在类型 3 中，RIPA 和 LIPA 起源于胃左动脉，没有观察到 CT（3 = 6.24%）。类型 4 有两个亚型：4A，其中 LIPA 起源于 AA，RIPA 起源于 CT（9 = 18.72%）和 4B，其中 RIPA 起源于 AA，LIPA 起源于 CT（6 = 12.48%）。在类型 5 中，LIPA 起源于 AA，RIPA 起源于 AA（1 = 2.08%）。类型 6 的特点是 LIPA 和 RIPA 形成一个共同的起源于 CT 的主干（3 = 6.24%）。
我们的发现表明 LIPA 和 RIPA 起源有六种不同的类型。最常见的形式是起源于腹主动脉的 IPA 的类型 1，其次是起源于 AA 的 IPA 的共同主干的类型 2。其他类型起源的多样性与腹腔干变异（类型 3）有关。RIPA 直径无显著差异，而 LIPA 直径差异显著。RIPA 和 LIPA 直径无显著性别差异。
