从 HIV 大流行中吸取的教训应该为母婴保健的 COVID-19 应对提供信息。
Mistakes from the HIV pandemic should inform the COVID-19 response for maternal and newborn care.
机构信息
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
Alive and Thrive Southeast Asia, FHI 360, 60 Ly Thai To Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
出版信息
Int Breastfeed J. 2020 Jul 25;15(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13006-020-00306-8.
BACKGROUND
In an effort to prevent infants being infected with SARS-CoV-2, some governments, professional organisations, and health facilities are instituting policies that isolate newborns from their mothers and otherwise prevent or impede breastfeeding.
WEIGHING OF RISKS IS NECESSARY IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Such policies are risky as was shown in the early response to the HIV pandemic where efforts to prevent mother to child transmission by replacing breastfeeding with infant formula feeding ultimately resulted in more infant deaths. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of maternal SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be weighed against the protection skin-to-skin contact, maternal proximity, and breastfeeding affords infants.
CONCLUSION
Policy makers and practitioners need to learn from the mistakes of the HIV pandemic and not undermine breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic. It is clear that in order to maximise infant health and wellbeing, COVID-19 policies should support skin-to-skin contact, maternal proximity, and breastfeeding.
背景
为了防止婴儿感染 SARS-CoV-2，一些政府、专业组织和医疗机构正在制定政策，将新生儿与母亲隔离开来，或阻止或妨碍母乳喂养。
权衡风险是政策制定的必要条件
这种政策是有风险的，正如在应对 HIV 大流行的早期反应中所显示的那样，通过用婴儿配方奶喂养来替代母乳喂养以防止母婴传播的努力，最终导致更多婴儿死亡。在 COVID-19 大流行中，需要权衡产妇 SARS-CoV-2 传播的风险与皮肤接触、母亲接近和母乳喂养为婴儿提供的保护。
结论
政策制定者和从业者需要从 HIV 大流行的错误中吸取教训，不要在 COVID-19 大流行中破坏母乳喂养。显然，为了最大限度地提高婴儿的健康和福祉，COVID-19 政策应该支持皮肤接触、母亲接近和母乳喂养。
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