Casson Robert J, Chidlow Glyn, Crowston Jonathan G, Williams Pete A, Wood John P M
Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021 Mar;81:100881. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100881. Epub 2020 Jul 23.
Energy metabolism refers to the processes by which life transfers energy to do cellular work. The retina's relatively large energy demands make it vulnerable to energy insufficiency. In addition, evolutionary pressures to optimize human vision have been traded against retinal ganglion cell bioenergetic fragility. Details of the metabolic profiles of the different retinal cells remain poorly understood and are challenging to resolve. Detailed immunohistochemical mapping of the energy pathway enzymes and substrate transporters has provided some insights and highlighted interspecies differences. The different spatial metabolic patterns between the vascular and avascular retinas can account for some inconsistent data in the literature. There is a consilience of evidence that at least some individuals with glaucoma have impaired RGC energy metabolism, either due to impaired nutrient supply or intrinsic metabolic perturbations. Bioenergetic-based therapy for glaucoma has a compelling pathophysiological foundation and is supported by recent successes in animal models. Recent demonstrations of visual and electrophysiological neurorecovery in humans with glaucoma is highly encouraging and motivates longer duration trials investigating bioenergetic neuroprotection.
能量代谢是指生命将能量转移以进行细胞工作的过程。视网膜相对较高的能量需求使其易受能量不足的影响。此外，优化人类视觉的进化压力与视网膜神经节细胞生物能量脆弱性相互权衡。不同视网膜细胞代谢谱的细节仍知之甚少，且难以解析。对能量途径酶和底物转运体的详细免疫组化定位提供了一些见解，并突出了种间差异。血管化和非血管化视网膜之间不同的空间代谢模式可以解释文献中一些不一致的数据。有证据一致表明，至少一些青光眼患者的视网膜神经节细胞能量代谢受损，这要么是由于营养供应受损，要么是由于内在代谢紊乱。基于生物能量的青光眼治疗有令人信服的病理生理学基础，并得到了动物模型近期成功的支持。近期关于青光眼患者视觉和电生理神经恢复的证明非常鼓舞人心，并促使开展更长期的试验来研究生物能量神经保护作用。
