School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2020 Aug;26:163-172. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.06.005. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) is a closed artificial ecosystem and could provide oxygen, food, water and other substrates for long-term deep space survival. The treatment and recycle of the solid waste are crucial and rate-limiting steps in BLSS, and it's reported that the solid waste such as the inedible plants and human feces could be fermented aerobically and then reused as fertilizer for growing plants in BLSS, which may be an effective way to improve the solid waste recycling rate. However, the recycling performance and the effect on the system need to be evaluated. In this study, the fermented and decomposed solid waste product from the 365d BLSS experiment with human involved in Lunar Palace 1 was utilized, and was added to the Hoagland nutrient solution as a supplementary fertilizer in the weight proportion of 5% and 10%, respectively, for the cultivation of wheat (Group-5% and Group-10%). Then, the effects on wheat germination, morphology, photosynthesis, biomass, the conductivity of the cultured substrates and microorganisms were detected and compared with those of the CK group cultured using only Hoagland nutrient solution. The results showed that this planting method had no inhibitory effect on the wheat germination, root length and yield, and might even promote the vegetative growth of wheat in terms of Vigor index, plant height, leaf area and net photosynthesis rate to some extent. The added solid waste fermentation substrate as well as the planting environment in Lunar Palace 1 both had significant influences on the rhizosphere microorganisms of wheat. The bacteria diversity was more abundant than fungi at phylum level, and the relative abundance varied along with the wheat growth period. The relative abundance of the cellulose degrading microorganisms including Actinobacteria and Ascomycota increased in Group-5% and Group-10% compared with CK group along with the growth of wheat. Moreover, the proper reuse of the fermentation substrate could reduce the use of inorganic salts by 9.8%-11.9% and save 40L•m of water for wheat cultivation. This research has considerable application significance in future deep space exploration.
生物再生生命保障系统（BLSS）是一个封闭的人工生态系统，可以为长期深空生存提供氧气、食物、水和其他基质。BLSS 中固体废弃物的处理和回收是关键且限速的步骤，据报道，不可食用的植物和人类粪便等固体废弃物可以好氧发酵，然后再用作 BLSS 中植物生长的肥料，这可能是提高固体废弃物回收利用率的有效途径。然而，还需要评估其回收性能和对系统的影响。本研究利用“月宫一号”内进行的为期 365 天的有人参与的 BLSS 实验中发酵分解后的固体废弃物产物，分别以 5%和 10%的重量比例添加到 Hoagland 营养液中作为补充肥料，用于小麦的培养（5%组和 10%组）。然后，检测了它们对小麦发芽、形态、光合作用、生物量、培养基质电导率和微生物的影响，并与仅使用 Hoagland 营养液培养的 CK 组进行了比较。结果表明，这种种植方法对小麦发芽、根长和产量没有抑制作用，甚至在活力指数、株高、叶面积和净光合速率等方面在一定程度上促进了小麦的营养生长。添加的固体废弃物发酵基质以及“月宫一号”内的种植环境对小麦根际微生物均有显著影响。在门水平上，细菌多样性比真菌更丰富，且相对丰度随小麦生长周期而变化。与 CK 组相比，5%组和 10%组中纤维素降解微生物（如放线菌和子囊菌门）的相对丰度随着小麦的生长而增加。此外，适当重复利用发酵基质可使小麦培养过程中无机盐的使用量减少 9.8%-11.9%，节水 40L·m-3。该研究在未来深空探索中具有相当的应用意义。
