Departament of Economics, Federal University of Rio Grande Foundation (Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil; Posgraduate Program in Economics, Federal University of Pelotas (Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel), Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
Posgraduate Program in Economics, Federal University of Alagoas (Universidade Federal de Alagoas), Maceió, AL, Brazil.
Econ Hum Biol. 2020 Dec;39:100906. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100906. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
The aim of this work was to analyze the socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity for the Brazilian adult population and to determine the factors that contribute the most to the observed inequality. Data from the 2013 National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS) were used and the inequality was calculated using the concentration index, which was decomposed to analyze the contribution of different factors (demographic, schooling, lifestyle, sanitation, among others). The analyses were stratified by gender and region, in order to identify some heterogeneity. The results for gender showed that the inequality in overweight and obesity in men is concentrated in the richest ones, whereas, for women, the indices did not show inequality. In the analyzes per region, the results showed the same pattern for men, and differences were found for women, suggesting that overweight is more concentrated in rich women in the less developed regions (North and Northeast) and in poor women in more developed regions (South, Southeast and Midwest). Income, demographics, schooling, and lifestyles are the factors that contributed most to the observed inequality. Public policy strategies should aim to reduce such persistence of overweight and obesity, but also seek equity and equality in health.
这项工作旨在分析巴西成年人口超重和肥胖的社会经济不平等，并确定导致这种不平等的主要因素。本研究使用了 2013 年全国健康调查（Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS）的数据，采用集中指数来计算不平等程度，然后对其进行分解，以分析不同因素（人口统计学、教育程度、生活方式、环境卫生等）的贡献。分析按照性别和地区进行分层，以确定一些异质性。性别分析结果表明，男性超重和肥胖的不平等主要集中在最富有的人群中，而女性的指数则没有显示出不平等。按地区进行分析，结果表明男性呈现出相同的模式，而女性则存在差异，这表明超重现象在欠发达地区（北部和东北部）较为集中在富裕女性中，在较发达地区（南部、东南部和中西部）则较为集中在贫困女性中。收入、人口统计学、教育程度和生活方式是导致这种不平等的主要因素。公共政策策略应旨在减少超重和肥胖的这种持续存在，同时寻求健康方面的公平和平等。
