Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2024 Oct 22;12:1467339. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1467339. eCollection 2024.
Carrying out studies using data from Food and Nutritional Monitoring is crucial given the current epidemiological scenario. This scenario reveals a coexistence of malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies alongside overweight and obesity, particularly among adult women in Brazil. Analyzing the microdata generated by the system is essential for accurately representing food and nutrition indicators in the country.
To analyze the association of food consumption markers and sociodemographic factors with changes in the Body Mass Index (BMI) among adult women.
A cohort study with a final sample of 30,354 women evaluated through individual records between the years 2015 and 2019. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Food consumption markers used were the ones available in the system, which referred to foods consumed the previous day. Linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with BMI and multiple Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of obesity incidence.
There was an increase in BMI between 2015 and 2019. The average increase in BMI was lower in women who consumed, in the previous day, beans (β = -0,25; CI: -0.36; -0.13) and vegetables and/or legumes (β = -0.12; CI: -0.21; -0.04) and the increase was greater when they consumed hamburgers and/or sausages (β = 0.1; CI: 0.02; 0.19) adjusted by age, region and skin color. There was a 14% lower incidence of obesity in the group that consumed beans (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79; 0.93), and a 9% lower incidence when they consumed filled cookies, candies or treats (RR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.86; 0.96). The incidence of obesity was 11% higher in the group that consumed sweetened drinks (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.18) and 9% higher in the group that consumed instant noodles, packaged snacks or savory biscuits on the day before the 2015 registration (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03; 1.15).
There was an increase in BMI in the population of adult women, rising nationally between 2015 and 2019, with the notable influence of diet on this change.
考虑到当前的流行病学情况，利用食品和营养监测数据开展研究至关重要。该情况揭示了营养不良和营养不足与超重和肥胖的同时存在，尤其是在巴西成年女性中。分析系统生成的微观数据对于准确代表该国的食品和营养指标至关重要。
分析食物消费指标和社会人口因素与成年女性体重指数（BMI）变化之间的关联。
这是一项队列研究，最终样本为 30354 名女性，通过 2015 年至 2019 年期间的个人记录进行评估。营养状况使用体重指数（BMI）进行评估。使用系统中提供的食物消费标志物，这些标志物指的是前一天食用的食物。线性回归用于评估与 BMI 相关的因素，多泊松回归用于估计肥胖发病率的相对风险。
2015 年至 2019 年间，BMI 呈上升趋势。与前一天食用豆类（β = -0.25；95%CI：-0.36；-0.13）和蔬菜和/或豆类（β = -0.12；95%CI：-0.21；-0.04）的女性相比，BMI 的平均增长幅度较低，而前一天食用汉堡和/或香肠的女性BMI 增长幅度较高（β = 0.1；95%CI：0.02；0.19），调整因素为年龄、地区和肤色。与前一天未食用豆类的女性相比，食用豆类的女性肥胖发病率降低了 14%（RR = 0.86；95%CI：0.79；0.93），而前一天食用夹心饼干、糖果或点心的女性肥胖发病率降低了 9%（RR = 0.91；95%CI 0.86；0.96）。与前一天未饮用加糖饮料的女性相比，饮用加糖饮料的女性肥胖发病率增加了 11%（RR = 1.11；95%CI：1.05；1.18），而前一天食用方便面、包装零食或咸味饼干的女性肥胖发病率增加了 9%（RR = 1.09；95%CI：1.03；1.15）。
成年女性的 BMI 呈上升趋势，全国范围内从 2015 年到 2019 年上升，饮食对这种变化有显著影响。
