Nglazi Mweete D, Ataguba John E
Implementation Science Centre for Advancing Practice and Training (IMPACT), University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Nov 14;4(11):e0003719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003719. eCollection 2024.
Overweight and obesity in adult women contribute to deaths and disability from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and obesity-related health problems in their offspring. Globally, overweight and obesity prevalence among women of childbearing age (WCBA) has increased, but associated socioeconomic inequality remains unclear. This study, therefore, assesses the changing patterns in the socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity among South African non-pregnant WCBA between 1998 and 2016. It uses data from the 1998 and 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys. Socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity was assessed using the concentration index (C). The index was decomposed to identify contributing factors to obesity and overweight inequalities. Factors contributing to changes in inequalities between 1998 and 2016 were assessed using the Oaxaca-type decomposition approach. Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among WCBA in South Africa increased between 1998 (C of 0.02 and 0.06, respectively) and 2016 (C of 0.04 and 0.08, respectively). Socioeconomic status was the biggest contributor to overweight and obesity inequalities for both years. The Oaxaca-type decomposition showed that race and urban residence are major contributors to changes in overweight and obesity inequalities. Policies such as the current tax on sugar-sweetened beverages and subsidising fruits and vegetables, among others, are needed to prioritise WCBA, especially for those from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, in addressing inequalities in overweight and obesity in South Africa.
成年女性的超重和肥胖会导致非传染性疾病（NCDs）死亡和残疾，以及其后代出现与肥胖相关的健康问题。在全球范围内，育龄妇女（WCBA）中超重和肥胖的患病率有所上升，但相关的社会经济不平等情况仍不明朗。因此，本研究评估了1998年至2016年间南非未怀孕的WCBA中超重和肥胖的社会经济不平等的变化模式。它使用了1998年和2016年人口与健康调查的数据。使用集中指数（C）评估超重和肥胖的社会经济不平等。该指数被分解以确定导致肥胖和超重不平等的因素。使用瓦哈卡类型分解方法评估1998年至2016年间不平等变化的影响因素。1998年（超重和肥胖的C值分别为0.02和0.06）至2016年（超重和肥胖的C值分别为0.04和0.08）期间，南非WCBA中超重和肥胖的社会经济不平等有所增加。社会经济地位是这两年超重和肥胖不平等的最大影响因素。瓦哈卡类型分解表明，种族和城市居住情况是超重和肥胖不平等变化的主要影响因素。需要实施诸如目前对含糖饮料征税以及补贴水果和蔬菜等政策，以优先关注WCBA，特别是那些来自社会经济背景不利的人群，从而解决南非超重和肥胖方面的不平等问题。
