State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 20;744:140776. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140776. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
Beijing's air pollution has become of increasing concern in recent years. The central and municipal governments have issued a series of laws, regulations, and strategies to improve ambient air quality. The "Clean Air Action" issued in 2013 and the "Comprehensive Action" issued in 2017 largely addressed this concern. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the two action plans by environmental monitoring data and evaluated the influencing factors including meteorology, pollutant emissions, and energy structure. The spatial distributions of air pollutants were analyzed using the Kriging interpolation method. The Principal Component Analysis-Multiple Nonlinear Regression (PCA-MNLR) model was applied to estimate the effects of meteorological factors. The results have shown that Beijing's air quality had a measurable improvement over 2013-2019. "Good air quality" days had the highest increases, and "hazardous air quality" days had the most decreases. SO decreased most, followed by CO, PM, PM, and NO in descending order, but O showed a fluctuant increase. The "Comprehensive Action" was more effective than the "Clean Air Action" in reducing heavy pollution days during the heating period. The meteorological normalized values of the main pollutants were lower than the observation data during 2013-2016. However, the observed values became lower than the normalized values after 2017, which indicated beneficial weather conditions in 2017 and afterwards. The emissions of SO and dust significantly decreased while NOx had a slight decrease, and the energy structure changed with a dramatic decrease in coal consumption and an obvious increase in the use of natural gas and electricity. The significant reduction of coal-fired emissions played a dominant role in improving Beijing's air quality, and vehicle emission control should be further enhanced. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the two action plans and the experience in Beijing should have potential implications for other areas and nations suffering from severe air pollution.
近年来，北京的空气污染问题日益受到关注。中央和市政府已经发布了一系列法律法规和战略来改善环境空气质量。2013 年发布的“清洁空气行动计划”和 2017 年发布的“综合行动计划”在很大程度上解决了这一问题。在本研究中，我们通过环境监测数据评估了这两个行动计划的有效性，并评估了包括气象、污染物排放和能源结构在内的影响因素。使用克里金插值方法分析了空气污染物的空间分布。应用主成分分析-多元非线性回归（PCA-MNLR）模型来估计气象因素的影响。结果表明，2013-2019 年期间北京的空气质量有了显著的改善。“优质空气”天数增加最多，“危险空气质量”天数减少最多。SO 减少最多，其次是 CO、PM、PM 和 NO，而 O 呈波动上升。“综合行动计划”在减少供暖期重污染天数方面比“清洁空气行动计划”更有效。2013-2016 年期间，主要污染物的气象归一化值低于观测数据。然而，2017 年以后，观测值低于归一化值，这表明 2017 年及以后的天气条件有利。SO 和扬尘的排放量显著减少，而 NOx 略有减少，能源结构发生变化，煤炭消耗大幅减少，天然气和电力使用明显增加。燃煤排放的显著减少对改善北京空气质量起到了主导作用，应进一步加强车辆排放控制。结果表明了这两个行动计划的有效性，北京的经验对于其他遭受严重空气污染的地区和国家可能具有潜在的启示。
