Wasti Sanjeev, Sah Nirvay, Mishra Birendra
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Jul 24;10(8):1266. doi: 10.3390/ani10081266.
Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors in the poultry industry resulting in substantial economic loss. Heat stress causes several physiological changes, such as oxidative stress, acid-base imbalance, and suppressed immunocompetence, which leads to increased mortality and reduced feed efficiency, body weight, feed intake, and egg production, and also affects meat and egg quality. Several strategies, with a variable degree of effectiveness, have been implemented to attenuate heat stress in poultry. Nutritional strategies, such as restricting the feed, wet or dual feeding, adding fat in diets, supplementing vitamins, minerals, osmolytes, and phytochemicals, have been widely studied and found to reduce the deleterious effects of heat stress. Furthermore, the use of naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes in certain breed lines have also gained massive attention in recent times. However, only a few of these strategies have been widely used in the poultry industry. Therefore, developing heat-tolerant breed lines along with proper management and nutritional approach needs to be considered for solving this problem. Thus, this review highlights the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on poultry health and performances, and potential mitigation strategies against heat stress in broiler chickens and laying hens.
热应激是家禽业面临的主要环境应激源之一，会导致巨大的经济损失。热应激会引发多种生理变化，如氧化应激、酸碱失衡和免疫能力受抑制，进而导致死亡率上升，饲料效率、体重、采食量和产蛋量降低，还会影响肉和蛋的品质。为减轻家禽的热应激，已实施了多种策略，但其效果各异。营养策略，如限制饲喂、湿喂或干湿交替饲喂、在日粮中添加脂肪、补充维生素、矿物质、渗透调节物质和植物化学物质等，已得到广泛研究，并发现可减轻热应激的有害影响。此外，在某些品系中使用裸颈（Na）基因和卷羽（F）基因近来也备受关注。然而，这些策略中只有少数在 poultry 行业中得到广泛应用。因此，需要考虑培育耐热品系并结合适当的管理和营养方法来解决这一问题。因此，本综述重点介绍了有关热应激对家禽健康和生产性能影响的科学证据，以及肉鸡和蛋鸡抗热应激的潜在缓解策略。
