Department of Livestock Farm Complex, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
J Therm Biol. 2021 Apr;97:102867. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102867. Epub 2021 Jan 30.
Heat stress is an important environmental determinant which adversely affects the performance of poultry worldwide. The present communication reviews the impact of heat stress on production, reproduction and growth performance of poultry, and its alleviation using genetic strategies. The adverse effects of high environmental temperature on poultry include decrease in growth rate, body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg quality, meat quality, semen quality, fertility and hatchability, which cause vast financial losses to the poultry industry. High ambient temperature has an antagonistic effect on performance traits of the poultry. Thus, selection of birds for high performance has increased their susceptibility to heat stress. Additionally, heat burden during transportation of birds from one place to another leads to reduced meat quality, increased mortality and welfare issues. Molecular markers are being explored nowadays to recognize the potential candidate genes related to production, reproduction and growth traits for selecting poultry birds to enhance thermo-tolerance and resistance against diseases. In conclusion, there is a critical need of formulating selection strategies based on genetic markers and exploring more genes in addition to HSP25, 70, 90, H1, RB1CC, BAG3, PDK, ID1, Na, F, dw and K responsible for thermoregulation, to improve the overall performance of poultry along with their ability to tolerate heat stress conditions.
热应激是一个重要的环境决定因素，它会对全球家禽的生产性能产生不利影响。本通讯综述了热应激对家禽生产、繁殖和生长性能的影响，以及利用遗传策略来缓解热应激的影响。高温环境对家禽的不利影响包括生长速度、体重、产蛋量、蛋重、蛋品质、肉质品质、精液品质、受精率和孵化率的下降，这给家禽业造成了巨大的经济损失。高环境温度对家禽的性能特征有拮抗作用。因此，选择高生产性能的鸟类增加了它们对热应激的敏感性。此外，鸟类在从一个地方运输到另一个地方的过程中承受的热负荷会导致肉质下降、死亡率增加和福利问题。目前正在探索分子标记物，以识别与生产、繁殖和生长特征相关的潜在候选基因，从而选择家禽鸟类来增强其耐热性和对疾病的抵抗力。总之，迫切需要制定基于遗传标记的选择策略，并除 HSP25、70、90、H1、RB1CC、BAG3、PDK、ID1、Na、F、dw 和 K 之外，探索更多与体温调节有关的基因，以提高家禽的整体性能及其耐受热应激条件的能力。
