Gross Kellie S, Mermelstein Paul G
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Vitam Horm. 2020;114:211-232. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.06.003. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
As the non-nuclear initiated effects of steroid hormone signaling have become more widely accepted, there has been a need to define the novel mechanisms of hormone receptor action that account for these outcomes. One mechanism that has emerged is the coupling of classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to initiate G protein signaling cascades that ultimately influence neuronal physiology, structure, and behavior. Since its initial discovery in hippocampal neurons, evidence of ER/mGluR associations have been found throughout the nervous system, and the heterogeneity of possible receptor pairings afforded by multiple ER and mGluR subtypes appears to drive diverse molecular outcomes that can impact processes like cognition, motivation, movement, and pain. Recent evidence also suggests that the role of mGluRs in steroid hormone signaling may not be unique to ERs, but rather a conserved mechanism of membrane-initiated hormone receptor action.
随着类固醇激素信号传导的非核起始效应得到更广泛认可，有必要定义解释这些结果的激素受体作用新机制。已出现的一种机制是经典雌激素受体（ERα和ERβ）与代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluRs）偶联，以启动G蛋白信号级联反应，最终影响神经元生理、结构和行为。自最初在海马神经元中发现以来，ER/mGluR关联的证据已在整个神经系统中被发现，多种ER和mGluR亚型提供的可能受体配对的异质性似乎驱动了多种分子结果，这些结果可影响认知、动机、运动和疼痛等过程。最近的证据还表明，mGluRs在类固醇激素信号传导中的作用可能并非ERs所特有，而是膜起始激素受体作用的一种保守机制。
