Chair of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Jul 7;2020:7154797. doi: 10.1155/2020/7154797. eCollection 2020.
The aim of this study is to examine changes in the chosen morphological characteristics, motor conditioning, and coordination skills in physiotherapy undergraduates at a medical university in Bydgoszcz in the first decade of the millennium. We assume prevalence of a secular trend in values of morphological characteristics; however, characteristics of motor skills, particularly fitness levels, will remain relatively unchanged.
The study included young people studying physiotherapy at the medical university of Bydgoszcz 2001-2010. Basic morphological features, including waist and hip circumferences, were measured, and BMI and WHR were calculated. The Cooper test and marching over a distance of two kilometers were employed to determine endurance; right and left spinning coordination was assessed by Starosta test. Calculated Mollison indicators were used in the evaluation of dimorphic differences in subsequent observation time. . Data are presented as mean with the standard deviation. Groupwise comparison was performed with Student's -test and linear relationships with Pearson's . Linear covariance models (ANCOVA) were built as theoretical models. Statistical significance was set at alfa = 0.05. Based on the correlation between the data and the corresponding normal score used, the Shapiro-Wilk test is the best choice for testing the normality of data. Variables were excluded if they exceeded the tolerance level for multicollinearity. Analysis was performed with Statistica 10.
The study demonstrated a rising number of male students (from 13,3% to 39,2%, chi = 10, 13; = 0,001) and a decrease in age of students overall but no significant changes (from 22, 25 ± 0, 75 to 20, 42 ± 1, 7; = 32, 9; < 0,001) in their morphological characteristics and their dimorphic differences (average results for males: BMI, from 22, 25 ± 1, 94 to 26, 27 ± 3, 56; WHR index, from 0, 78 ± 0, 06 to 0, 85 ± 0, 06; average results for females: BMI, from 20, 79 ± 2, 11 to 22, 19 ± 3, 83; WHR index, from 0, 7 ± 0, 04 to 0, 75 ± 0, 15). An overall improvement in endurance was found; however, coordination, especially amongst women, had deteriorated (turn right, from 377,1 ± 48, 1 to 343,1 ± 23, 3; turn left, from 375,0 ± 5, 61 to 345,6 ± 43, 1). We observed multidirectional changes in the analyzed motor skills and most of them were statistically significant.
Longitudinal study of physiotherapy students revealed no differences in morphological and dimorphic characteristics and multimodal changes in assessed motor skills, thus highlighting a need for further research into the identification of their causes. Moreover, a requirement for entry motor skills assessment and curriculum reorientation towards delivery of a broader scope of physical education was suggested.
本研究旨在探讨在千年之交的第一个十年里，比得哥什医科大学生理学专业学生在形态特征、运动能力和协调技能方面的变化。我们假设形态特征的数值会出现长期趋势，但运动技能的特征，特别是健身水平，将保持相对不变。
本研究包括在比得哥什医科大学学习物理疗法的年轻人，时间为 2001-2010 年。测量了基本形态特征，包括腰围和臀围，并计算了 BMI 和 WHR。采用库珀测试和两公里行军来确定耐力；通过 Starosta 测试评估左右旋转协调能力。使用 Mollison 指标评估后续观察时间内的二态差异。数据以平均值和标准差表示。使用学生 t 检验进行组间比较，并使用 Pearson 进行线性关系。建立了线性协方差模型（ANCOVA）作为理论模型。设 = 0.05 为统计显著性水平。基于数据与相应正态得分的相关性，Shapiro-Wilk 检验是检验数据正态性的最佳选择。如果变量超过多重共线性的容差水平，则将其排除。分析使用 Statistica 10 进行。
研究表明，男生人数（从 13.3%增加到 39.2%， = 10.13； = 0.001）增加，学生年龄总体下降，但形态特征及其二态差异无显著变化（平均结果：男性 BMI，从 22.25 ± 1.94 增加到 26.27 ± 3.56；WHR 指数，从 0.78 ± 0.06 增加到 0.85 ± 0.06；女性 BMI，从 20.79 ± 2.11 增加到 22.19 ± 3.83；WHR 指数，从 0.70 ± 0.04 增加到 0.75 ± 0.15）。耐力整体有所提高，但协调能力（特别是女性）有所下降（右转，从 377.1 ± 48.1 减少到 343.1 ± 23.3；左转，从 375.0 ± 5.61 减少到 345.6 ± 43.1）。分析的运动技能呈现出多方向的变化，其中大多数变化具有统计学意义。
对物理治疗专业学生的纵向研究表明，形态特征和二态特征以及评估运动技能的多模式变化无差异，因此需要进一步研究确定其原因。此外，建议进行入学运动技能评估，并调整课程，提供更广泛的体育教育。
