College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast, Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 29;10(1):12736. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69623-6.
Straw return is an effective strategy to alleviate soil-borne diseases. Though watermelon Fusarium wilt is a severe soil-borne disease, the effect of wheat straw on the disease remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of wheat straw on soil bacterial and fungal communities by adding wheat straw to consecutive watermelon soil in the greenhouse condition. The microbiome changes were further investigated using network analysis based on 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer deep sequencing. Wheat straw addition increased the fungal community diversity, whereas the bacterial diversity was not affected. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of some bacteria, including Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Saccharibacteria, was increased with wheat straw addition. For fungi, the relative abundance of Fusarium was decreased with wheat straw addition. Microbial network analysis demonstrated that the fungal community has a more complex connection than the bacterial community. In addition, redundancy analysis indicated that the Fusarium genera were significantly related to the disease index. Taken together, the addition of wheat straw might affect the microbial community through increasing the relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria, decreasing the relative abundance of Fusarium, and increasing the fungal network complexity to enhance the defense of watermelon against Fusarium wilt disease.
秸秆还田是一种减轻土传病害的有效策略。尽管西瓜枯萎病是一种严重的土传病害，但小麦秸秆对该病的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们在温室条件下，通过向连续种植西瓜的土壤中添加小麦秸秆，研究了小麦秸秆对土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响。利用基于 16S rDNA 和内部转录间隔区深度测序的网络分析进一步研究了微生物组的变化。秸秆添加增加了真菌群落的多样性，而细菌多样性不受影响。与对照组相比，随着秸秆添加，一些细菌的相对丰度增加，包括放线菌门、绿弯菌门和糖细菌门。对于真菌，添加小麦秸秆可降低镰刀菌的相对丰度。微生物网络分析表明，真菌群落的连接比细菌群落更复杂。此外，冗余分析表明，镰刀菌属与病害指数显著相关。总之，添加小麦秸秆可能通过增加放线菌门的相对丰度、降低镰刀菌的相对丰度以及增加真菌网络的复杂性来影响微生物群落，从而增强西瓜对枯萎病的防御能力。
